古埃及数学
古埃及数学是古埃及人发明和使用的数学，使用时间范围在西元前3000年到前300年间，大致从古王國時期一直到托勒密王國开始。古埃及人使用古埃及数字计数，并解决一些数学问题，通常包括Template:Tsl和分数问题。关于古埃及数学的佐证都是从稀有的古代纸草书上而来。根据这些纸草书的记载，古埃及人已经有了Template:Tsl的知识，例如计算表面積和体积，用于建筑计算，以及Template:Tsl的知识，例如盈不足术和一元二次方程。
来源
- 莱因德数学纸草书（RMP），为最大的数学文字来源。大约作于第二中间时期（虽然它是已经失传的中王国时期的纸草的一份复本）[1]。
- 莫斯科数学纸草书[1]
- Template:Tsl[1]
- Template:Tsl[1]
- Template:Tsl
- Template:Tsl
- Template:Tsl[1]
数字
埃及数字采用10进制。
| 1 | 10 | 100 | 1000 | 10,000 | 100,000 | 1,000,000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <hiero>Z1</hiero> | <hiero>V20\</hiero> | <hiero>V1</hiero> | <hiero>M12</hiero> | <hiero>D50</hiero> | <hiero>I8</hiero> | <hiero>C11</hiero> |
| <hiero>Aa13</hiero> | <hiero>r:Z2</hiero> | <hiero>D22</hiero> | <hiero>r:Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1</hiero> | <hiero>r:Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1*Z1</hiero> |
参看
外部链接
参考
- Chace, Arnold Buffum. 1927–1929. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: Free Translation and Commentary with Selected Photographs, Translations, Transliterations and Literal Translations. 2 vols. Classics in Mathematics Education 8. Oberlin: Mathematical Association of America. (Reprinted Reston: National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1979). ISBN 0873531337
- Clagett, Marshall. 1999. Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book. Volume 3: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society 232. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0871692325
- Couchoud, Sylvia. 1993. Mathématiques égyptiennes: Recherches sur les connaissances mathématiques de l'Égypte pharaonique. Paris: Éditions Le Léopard d'Or
- Peet, Thomas Eric. 1923. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, British Museum 10057 and 10058. London: The University Press of Liverpool limited and Hodder & Stoughton limited
- Robins, R. Gay. 1995. "Mathematics, Astronomy, and Calendars in Pharaonic Egypt". In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, edited by Jack M. Sasson, John R. Baines, Gary Beckman, and Karen S. Rubinson. Vol. 3 of 4 vols. New York: Charles Schribner's Sons. (Reprinted Peabody: Hendrickson Publishers, 2000). 1799–1813
- Robins, R. Gay, and Charles C. D. Shute. 1987. The Rhind Mathematical Papyrus: An Ancient Egyptian Text. London: British Museum Publications Limited. ISBN 0714109444
- Struve, Vasilij Vasil'evič, and Boris Aleksandrovič Turaev. 1930. Mathematischer Papyrus des Staatlichen Museums der Schönen Künste in Moskau. Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte der Mathematik; Abteilung A: Quellen 1. Berlin: J. Springer
參考文獻
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Clagett, Marshall Ancient Egyptian Science, A Source Book. Volume Three: Ancient Egyptian Mathematics (Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society) American Philosophical Society. 1999 Template:ISBN
- ↑ Burton, David, The History of Mathematics: An Introduction , McGraw-Hill, 2005, ISBN 978-0-07-305189-5