介子列表

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K介子衰变模式

介子是由一个夸克和一个反夸克组成的不稳定亚原子粒子，為强子的一种。强子的另一个成员是重子，由三个夸克组成的亚原子粒子。介子和重子的主要区别在于介子具有整数自旋（因此是玻色子），而重子是费米子（半整数自旋）。因为介子是玻色子，泡利不相容原理不适用于它们。因此，它们可以在短距离内充当作用力的中介粒子，从而在核相互作用等过程中发挥作用。

由于介子是由夸克组成的，它们既参与弱相互作用，也参与强相互作用。带净电荷的介子也参与了电磁相互作用。它们根据夸克含量、总角动量、宇称和各种其他性质（如C-宇称和G-宇称）进行分类。虽然没有介子是稳定的，但质量较低的介子比质量最大的介子更稳定，在粒子加速器或宇宙射线实验中更容易观察和研究。它们通常比重子质量小，这意味着它们在实验中更容易产生，并且比重子更快地表现出更高的能量现象。例如，1974年在J/ψ介子中发现魅夸克[1][2] ，1977年在ϒ介子中发现底夸克[3]。

每个介子都有一个对应的反粒子（反介子），夸克被相应的反夸克取代，反之亦然。例如，一个正介子（π+）是由一个上夸克和一个反下夸克组成的；它对应的反粒子，负介子（π-）由一个反上夸克和一个下夸克组成。一些实验显示了四夸克介子的证据，由两个夸克和两个反夸克组成的奇异介子，但粒子物理学整体上认为它们的存在是可能的[4]。

介子列表

下面列出了所有已知和预测的赝标介子和矢量介子的详细信息。

本列表並未列出反介子。然而，它們只是將所有夸克換成對應的反夸克，並將Q、B、S、C、B′等數值變號。名称旁边有†的粒子已由标准模型预测，但尚未观察到。红色的数值并没有通过实验确定，而是通过夸克模型预测出来的，并且与测量结果一致。

在本列表中的符號有：I（同位旋）、J（總角動量量子數）、P（宇稱，表示座標系鏡像變換時特徵值的奇偶性）、C（C-宇稱）、G（G-宇稱）、u（上夸克）、d（下夸克）、s（奇夸克）、c（粲夸克）、b（底夸克）、Q（電荷）、B（重子数）、 S（奇异数）、C（粲数）、B′（底數）以及多種次原子粒子。

赝标介子

JP = 0-介子

赝标介子
粒子名稱 粒子
符号 		反粒子
符号 		夸克組成 静止质量 (MeV/c2) IG JPC S C B' 平均生命期 (s) 通常衰變至

(>5%的衰變)

π介子[5] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Sort 1− 0− 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
π介子[6] Template:Subatomic particle Self uu¯−dd¯2Template:Ref Template:Sort 1− 0−+ 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
η介子[7] Template:Subatomic particle Self Template:Nowrap Template:Sort 0+ 0−+ 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap or
Template:Nowrap

Template:Nowrap

η素介子[8] Template:Subatomic particle(958) Self uu¯+dd¯+ss¯3Template:Ref Template:Sort 0+ 0−+ 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap

Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap

η粲介子[9] Template:Subatomic particle(1S) Self Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val 0+ 0−+ 0 0 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2010/listings/rpp2010-list-eta-c-1S.pdf}-Template:Wayback
η底介子[10] Template:Subatomic particle(1S) Self Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:ColorTemplate:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color+ 0 0 0 未知 -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-eta-b-1S.pdf}-Template:Wayback
K介子[11] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Sort Template:Frac 0− 1 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap

Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap

K介子[12] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Sort Template:Frac 0− 1 0 0 Template:Ref Template:Ref
短寿命K介子[13] Template:Subatomic particle Self ds¯+sd¯2Template:Ref Template:SortTemplate:Ref Template:Frac 0− (*) 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap

Template:Nowrap

长寿命K介子[14] Template:Subatomic particle Self ds¯−sd¯2Template:Ref Template:SortTemplate:Ref Template:Frac 0− (*) 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap

Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap

D介子[15] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Frac 0− 0 +1 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-plus-minus.pdf}-Template:Wayback
D介子[16] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Frac 0− 0 +1 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-D-zero.pdf}-Template:Wayback
奇D介子[17] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val 0 0Template:Color +1 +1 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Ds-plus-minus.pdf}-Template:Wayback
B介子[18] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 0 +1 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-plus-minus.pdf}-Template:Wayback
B介子[19] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 0 +1 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-B-zero.pdf}-Template:Wayback
奇B介子[20] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color −1 0 +1 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bs-zero.pdf}-Template:Wayback
粲B介子[21] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 +1 +1 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-Bc-plus-minus.pdf}-Template:Wayback

[a] Template:Note 由于非零夸克质量而产生的补偿不精确。
[b] Template:Note 此處根據粒子數據組（PDG）所給出的共振寬度（Γ）值，使用生命期τ = Template:Sfrac 轉換求得。
[c] Template:Note 强本征态，没有确定的寿命。
[d] Template:Note 所给出的Template:Subatomic particle与Template:Subatomic particle的质量与Template:Subatomic particle相同，但已知Template:Subatomic particle与Template:Subatomic particle存在大约为Template:Val的质量差。[14]
[e] Template:NoteWeak eigenstate. Makeup is missing small CP–violating term (see notes on neutral kaons below).

矢量介子

JP = 1-介子

矢量介子
粒子名稱 粒子
符号 		反粒子
符号 		夸克組成 静止质量 (MeV/c2) IG JPC S C B' 平均生命期 (s) 通常衰變至

(>5%的衰變)

ρ介子[22] Template:Subatomic particle(770) Template:Subatomic particle(770) Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Sort 1+ 1− 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
ρ介子[22] Template:Subatomic particle(770) Self 12(uu¯−dd¯) Template:Sort 1+ 1−− 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
ω介子[23] Template:Subatomic particle(782) Self 12(uu¯+dd¯) Template:Sort 0− 1−− 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap

Template:Nowrap

φ介子[24] Template:Subatomic particle(1020) Self Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val 0− 1−− 0 0 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap
J/ψ介子[25] Template:Subatomic particle Self Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val 0− 1−− 0 0 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-J-psi-1S.pdf}-Template:Wayback
ϒ介子[26] Template:Subatomic particle(1S) Self Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val 0− 1−− 0 0 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-upsilon-1S.pdf}-Template:Wayback
K介子[27] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Sort Template:Frac 1− 1 0 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf}-Template:Wayback
K介子[27] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Sort Template:Frac 1− 1 0 0 Template:Sort -{R|http://pdg.lbl.gov/2014/listings/rpp2014-list-K-star-892.pdf}-Template:Wayback
D介子[28] Template:Subatomic particle(2010) Template:Subatomic particle(2010) Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 +1 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap
D介子[29] Template:Subatomic particle(2007) Template:Subatomic particle(2007) Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 +1 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap
奇D介子[30] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color +1 +1 0 Template:Sort Template:Nowrap
Template:Nowrap
B介子[31] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 0 +1 未知 Template:Nowrap
B介子[31] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 0 +1 未知 Template:Nowrap
奇B介子[32] Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle Template:Val Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color −1 0 +1 未知 Template:Nowrap
粲B介子† Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particle Template:Subatomic particleTemplate:Subatomic particle 未知 Template:Color Template:ColorTemplate:Color 0 +1 +1 未知 未知

[f] Template:Note 此處根據粒子數據組（PDG）所給出的共振寬度（Γ）值，使用生命期τ = Template:Sfrac 轉換求得。
[g] Template:Note 精确值取决于所用的方法，详见给定参考。

介子共振粒子

因为这个表最初是从公布的结果中推导出来的，其中许多结果是初步的，所以下表中多达64个介子可能不存在，或者质量或量子数错误。

介子共振粒子[33]
较轻/无味
(S=C=B=0) 		奇异
(S=±1, C=B=0) 		粲/奇异
(C=S=±1) 		cTemplate:Physics particle
IG(JPC) IG(JPC) IG(JP) IG(JP) IG(JPC)
Template:Physics particle 1−(0−) φ(1680) 0−(1−−) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle 0(0−) Template:Physics particle(1S) 0+(0−+)
Template:Physics particle 1−(0−+) Template:Physics particle(1690) 1+(3−−) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle 0(??) J/ψ(1S) 0−(1−−)
η 0+(0−+) ρ(1700) 1+(1−−) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle(2317)± 0(0+) Template:Physics particle(1P) 0+(0++)
Template:Physics particle(500) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(1700) 1−(2++) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle(2460)± 0(1+) Template:Physics particle(1P) 0+(1++)
ρ(770) 1+(1−−) f0(1710) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(800) Template:Frac(0+) Template:Physics particle(2536)± 0(1+) Template:Physics particle(1P) ??(1+−)
ω(782) 0−(1−−) η(1760) 0+(0−+) Template:Physics particle(892) Template:Frac(1−) Template:Physics particle(2573) 0(??) Template:Physics particle(1P) 0+(2++)
η′ (958) 0+(0−+) π(1800) 1−(0−+) Template:Physics particle(1270) Template:Frac(1+) Template:Physics particle(2700)± 0(1−) Template:Physics particle(2S) 0+(0−+)
Template:Physics particle(980) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(1810) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(1400) Template:Frac(1+) Template:Physics particle(2860)± 0(??) ψ(2S) 0−(1−−)
Template:Physics particle(980) 1−(0++) X(1835) ??(?−+) Template:Physics particle(1410) Template:Frac(1−) Template:Physics particle(3040)± 0(??) ψ(3770) 0−(1−−)
φ(1020) 0−(1−−) X(1840) ??(???) Template:Physics particle(1430) Template:Frac(0+) 底
(B=±1) 		X(3823) ??(??−)
Template:Physics particle(1170) 0−(1+−) Template:Physics particle(1850) 0−(3−−) Template:Physics particle(1430) Template:Frac(2+) X(3872) 0+(1++)
Template:Physics particle(1235) 1+(1+−) Template:Physics particle(1870) 0+(2−+) K(1460) Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) X(3900)± ?(1+)
Template:Physics particle(1260) 1−(1++) Template:Physics particle(1880) 1−(2−+) Template:Physics particle(1580) Template:Frac(2−) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) X(3900)0 ?(??)
Template:Physics particle(1270) 0+(2++) ρ(1900) 1+(1−−) K(1630) Template:Frac(??) Template:Physics particle/Template:Physics particle Admixture Template:Physics particle(2P) 0+(0++)
Template:Physics particle(1285) 0+(1++) Template:Physics particle(1910) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(1650) Template:Frac(1+) Template:Physics particle/Template:Physics particle/Template:Physics particle/b-baryon
Admixture 		Template:Physics particle(2P) 0+(2++)
η(1295) 0+(0−+) Template:Physics particle(1950) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(1680) Template:Frac(1−) X(3940) ??(???)
π(1300) 1−(0−+) Template:Physics particle(1990) 1+(3−−) Template:Physics particle(1770) Template:Frac(2−) Vcb and Vub CKM Matrix
Admixture 		X(4020)± ?(??)
Template:Physics particle(1320) 1−(2++) Template:Physics particle(2010) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(1780) Template:Frac(3−) ψ(4040) 0−(1−−)
Template:Physics particle(1370) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(2020) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(1820) Template:Frac(2−) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(1−) X(4050)± ?(??)
Template:Physics particle(1380) ?−(1+−) Template:Physics particle(2040) 1−(4++) K(1830) Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle(5732) ?(??) X(4140) 0+(??+)
Template:Physics particle(1400) 1−(1−+) Template:Physics particle(2050) 0+(4++) Template:Physics particle(1950) Template:Frac(0+) Template:Physics particle(5721)0 Template:Frac(1+) ψ(4160) 0−(1−−)
η(1405) 0+(0−+) Template:Physics particle(2100) 1−(2−+) Template:Physics particle(1980) Template:Frac(2+) Template:Physics particle(5721)0 Template:Frac(2+) X(4160) ??(???)
Template:Physics particle(1420) 0+(1++) Template:Physics particle(2100) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(2045) Template:Frac(4+) 底/奇异
(B=±1, S=∓1) 		X(4250)± ?(??)
ω(1420) 0−(1−−) Template:Physics particle(2150) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(2250) Template:Frac(2−) X(4260) ??(1−−)
Template:Physics particle(1430) 0+(2++) ρ(2150) 1+(1−−) Template:Physics particle(2320) Template:Frac(3+) Template:Physics particle 0(0−) X(4350) 0+(??+)
Template:Physics particle(1450) 1−(0++) φ(2170) 0−(1−−) Template:Physics particle(2380) Template:Frac(5−) Template:Physics particle 0(1−) X(4360) ??(1−−)
ρ(1450) 1+(1−−) Template:Physics particle(2200) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(2500) Template:Frac(4−) Template:Physics particle(5830)0 0(1+) ψ(4415) 0−(1−−)
η(1475) 0+(0−+) fJ(2200) 0+(2++
or 4++) 		K(3100) ??(???) Template:Physics particle(5840)0 0(2+) X(4430)± ?(1+)
Template:Physics particle(1500) 0+(0++) 粲
(C=±1) 		Template:Physics particle(5850) ?(??) X(4660) ??(1−−)
Template:Physics particle(1510) 0+(1++) η(2225) 0+(0−+) 底/粲
(B=C=±1) 		bTemplate:Physics particle
Template:Physics particle(1525) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(2250) 1+(3−−) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle(1S) 0+(0−+)
Template:Physics particle(1565) 0+(2++) f2(2300) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle 0(0−) Υ(1S) 0−(1−−)
ρ(1570) 1+(1−−) Template:Physics particle(2300) 0+(4++) Template:Physics particle(2007)0 Template:Frac(1−) Template:Physics particle(1P) 0+(0++)
Template:Physics particle(1595) 0−(1+−) Template:Physics particle(2330) 0+(0++) Template:Physics particle(2010)± Template:Frac(1−) Template:Physics particle(1P) 0+(1++)
Template:Physics particle(1600) 1−(1−+) Template:Physics particle(2340) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(2400)0 Template:Frac(0+) Template:Physics particle(2P) 0+(0++)
Template:Physics particle(1640) 1−(1++) Template:Physics particle(2350) 1+(5−−) Template:Physics particle(2400)± Template:Frac(0+) Template:Physics particle(1P) ??(1+−)
Template:Physics particle(1640) 0+(2++) Template:Physics particle(2450) 1−(6++) Template:Physics particle(2420)0 Template:Frac(1+) Template:Physics particle(1P) 0+(2++)
Template:Physics particle(1645) 0+(2−+) Template:Physics particle(2510) 0+(6++) Template:Physics particle(2420)± Template:Frac(??) Template:Physics particle(2S) 0+(0−+)
ω(1650) 0−(1−−) 其他较轻的介子 Template:Physics particle(2430)0 Template:Frac(1+) Υ(2S) 0−(1−−)
Template:Physics particle(1670) 0−(3−−) 其他状态 Template:Physics particle(2460)0 Template:Frac(2+) Υ(1D) 0−(2−−)
Template:Physics particle(1670) 1−(2−+) Template:Physics particle(2460)± Template:Frac(2+) Template:Physics particle(2P) 0+(0++)
D(2550)0 Template:Frac(0−) Template:Physics particle(2P) 0+(1++)
D(2600) Template:Frac(??) Template:Physics particle(2P) ??(1+−)
Template:Physics particle(2640)± Template:Frac(??) Template:Physics particle(2P) 0+(2++)
D(2750) Template:Frac(??) Υ(3S) 0−(1−−)
Template:Physics particle(3P) ??(??+)
Υ(4S) 0−(1−−)
X(10610)± 1+(1+)
X(10610)0 1+(1+)
X(10650)± ?+(1+)
Υ(10860) 0−(1−−)
Υ(11020) 0−(1−−)


參見

Template:Portal box

Template:Clear

參考文獻

引用

Template:Reflist

来源

Template:Refbegin

Template:Refend

外部链接

Template:粒子

  1. ↑ J.J. Aubert et al. (1974)
  2. ↑ J.E. Augustin et al. (1974)
  3. ↑ S.W. Herb et al. (1977)
  4. ↑ C. Amsler et al. (2008): Charmonium States Template:Wayback
  5. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  6. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  7. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  8. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  9. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  10. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  11. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  12. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  13. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  15. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  16. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  17. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  18. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  19. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  20. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  21. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  23. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle(782) Template:Wayback
  24. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  25. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Particle listings – J/Ψ Template:Wayback
  26. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle(1S) Template:Wayback
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle(892) Template:Wayback
  28. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle(2010) Template:Wayback
  29. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle(2007) Template:Wayback
  30. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  32. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Template:Wayback Particle listings – Template:Subatomic particle Template:Wayback
  33. ↑ K.A. Olive et al. (2014): Meson Summary Table Template:Wayback
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