查看“︁高碘酸鉀”︁的源代码

{{noteTA
|G1=Chemistry
}}
{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 464212252
| ImageFile = Potassium periodate.svg
| ImageSize = 150px
| ImageFile1 = KIO4.jpg
| ImageSize1 =
| IUPACName = Potassium periodate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 128877
| InChI = 1/HIO4.K/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey = FJVZDOGVDJCCCR-REWHXWOFAS
| SMILES = [K+].[O-]I(=O)(=O)=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/HIO4.K/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = FJVZDOGVDJCCCR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo = 7790-21-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = Q3LOC6P66L
| PubChem = 516896
| EINECS = 232-196-0
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = KIO<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 230.00
| Appearance = 無色結晶粉末<ref name=alfa>{{Alfa|A11308|Datum=29. Januar 2010}}.</ref>
| Odor = 無味
| Density = 3.618 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=alfa>{{Alfa|A11308|Datum=29. Januar 2010}}.</ref>
| MeltingPtC = 582
| MeltingPt_notes = （分解）
| BoilingPtC =
| Solubility = 0.17 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 0.42 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 4.44 g/100 mL (80 °C) <br> 7.87 g/100 mL (100 °C)
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = 四方
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/PO/potassium_periodate.html External MSDS]
| MainHazards = 氧化劑
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-O = OX
| FlashPt = 
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[碘化鉀]]<br/>[[碘酸鉀]]
| OtherCations = [[過碘酸鈉]]
| OtherCompounds = [[過碘酸]]
  }}
}}
'''高碘酸鉀'''是一種[[無機化合物]]，[[化學式]]為KIO<sub>4</sub>。它由[[鉀]][[陽離子]]和[[高碘酸根]][[陰離子]]組成。也可以看作是[[高碘酸]]的钾鹽。

低溶解度的高碘酸鉀有助於[[鉀]]的測定。{{cn}}

==制備==
在[[氯水]]中加入[[碘酸鉀]]和[[氫氧化鉀]]，然後煮沸，會出現沉澱，再用冰水洗滌和過濾。另外會產生[[氯化鉀]]<ref>G. Brauer (Hrsg.), ''Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry'' 2nd ed., vol. 1, Academic Press 1963, S. 325.</ref><ref name="Rammelsberg"/>：
:<math>\mathrm{KIO_3 + 2 \ KOH + Cl_2 \longrightarrow KIO_4 + 2 \ KCl + H_2O}</math>

== 性質 ==
高碘酸鉀是一種強氧化劑。<ref name="Housecroft"/>
:<math>\mathrm{KIO_4 + 2\ KI + H_2O \longrightarrow KIO_3 + I_2 + 2 KOH}</math>
:<math>\mathrm{KIO_4 + 2\ KI + H_2O \longrightarrow KIO_3 + I_2 + 2 KOH}</math>

當高碘酸鉀溶解於[[氫氧化鉀]]生成[[二高碘酸钾]]<ref name="Rammelsberg">C. Rammelsberg: "Ueber die Ueberjodsäure und ihre Salze" in ''Ber. d. dt. chem. Ges.'' '''1868''', ''A1'', S. 70ff. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90667r.image.r=Berichte+der+deutschen+chemischen+Gesellschaft.f77.langFR.pagination Volltext] {{Wayback|url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k90667r.image.r=Berichte+der+deutschen+chemischen+Gesellschaft.f77.langFR.pagination |date=20160324165910 }}</ref>, 與硝酸反應可回到簡單的碘酸鉀。<ref name="Housecroft">C. E. Housecroft, A. G. Sharpe: "Inorganic chemistry", Verlag Pearson Education, 2005, ISBN 9780130399137. S. 487 ({{Google Buch|BuchID=_1gFM51qpAMC|Seite=487}})</ref><ref name="Brehler"># B. Brehler, H. Jacobi, H. Siebert: "Kristallstruktur und Schwingungsspektrum von K4J2O9" in ''Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie'' '''1968''', ''362''(5-6), S. 301-311. {{doi|10.1002/zaac.19683620510}}</ref>

:<math>\mathrm{2\ KIO_4 + 2\ KOH \longrightarrow K_4I_2O_9 + H_2O}</math>

:<math>\mathrm{K_4I_2O_9 + 2\ HNO_3 \longrightarrow 2KIO_4 + 2KNO_3 + H_2O}</math>

----

:<math>\mathrm{2\ K_2H_3IO_6 \ \xrightarrow {100 ^{o}C} \ K_4I_2O_9 + 3\ H_2O}</math><ref name="Nikitina">N. I. Nikitina,Z. K. Nikitina: "Thermolysis of disubstituted lithium and sodium orthoperiodates" in ''Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry'' '''2007''',''52''(4), S. 535–541. {{doi|10.1134/S0036023607040031}}</ref>

在水溶液離子平衡：<ref name="Housecroft"/>

:<math>\mathrm{\lbrack H_3IO_6 \rbrack ^{2-} + H^+ \rightleftharpoons \lbrack IO_4 \rbrack ^{-} + 2\ H_2O}</math>

:<math>\mathrm{2\ \lbrack H_3IO_6 \rbrack ^{2-} \rightleftharpoons 2\ \lbrack HIO_5 \rbrack ^{2-} + 2\ H_2O}</math>

:<math>\mathrm{2\ \lbrack HIO_5 \rbrack ^{2-} \rightleftharpoons \lbrack H_2I_2O_{10} \rbrack ^{4-} \rightleftharpoons \lbrack I_2O_9 \rbrack ^{4-} + H_2O}</math>

== 用途 ==
高碘酸鉀可作為分析試劑用於測定[[鈰]]<ref name="Venugopalan">M. Venugopalan and K. J. George: "Determination of cerium by potassium periodate" in ''Naturwissenschaften'', ''43''(15), S. 348-349. {{doi|10.1007/BF00755157}}</ref>或二价[[锰]]<ref>David B. Green. [http://seaver-faculty.pepperdine.edu/dgreen/Chem340Lab/LabManual/QuantInstBook.pdf Laboratory Manual to Accompany - Quantitative Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis] {{Wayback|url=http://seaver-faculty.pepperdine.edu/dgreen/Chem340Lab/LabManual/QuantInstBook.pdf |date=20180827033242 }} (pdf). Pepperdine University. pp 81,</ref>。

== 參考資料 ==
<div class="references-small">
# 邢其毅等。《基础有机化学》第三版上册。北京：高等教育出版社，2005年。ISBN 7-04-016637-2
</div><references/>

{{鉀化合物}}
{{高碘酸盐}}

[[Category:鉀化合物]]
[[Category:高碘酸盐]]
[[Category:氧化剂]]