查看“︁酚盐”︁的源代码

'''酚盐'''是[[酚]]类有机物的[[羟基]]氢被金属离子取代得到的化合物，通式为ArOM（Ar为芳基）。

==制备==
酚盐可由酚和碱金属氢氧化物反应制得。<ref>Hans-Dieter Jakubke, Ruth Karcher (Koordinatoren): Lexikon der Chemie in drei Bänden, Spektrum Verlag, Heidelberg, Band 3, 1999, pp. 14. ISBN 3-8274-0381-2</ref>
: <math>\mathrm{ArOH\ +\ MOH\longrightarrow\ ArOM\ +\ H_2O}</math>
其它碱，如金属[[氢化物]]、烷基金属、三甲基硅基氨基化物<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Huang|first1=Yong|last2=Wang|first2=Wei|last3=Lin|first3=Chu-Chieh|last4=Blake|first4=Matthew P.|last5=Clark|first5=Lawrence|last6=Schwarz|first6=Andrew D.|last7=Mountford|first7=Philip|title=Potassium, zinc, and magnesium complexes of a bulky OOO-tridentate bis(phenolate) ligand: synthesis, structures, and studies of cyclic ester polymerisation|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_dalton-transactions_2013-07-07_42_25/page/n350|journal=Dalton Transactions|volume=42|issue=25|year=2013|pages=9313|issn=1477-9226|doi=10.1039/c3dt50135c}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Binda|first1=Pascal I.|last2=Delbridge|first2=Ewan E.|last3=Dugah|first3=Divine T.|last4=Skelton|first4=Brian W.|last5=White|first5=Allan H.|title=Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Some Potassium Complexes of Some Bis(phenolate) Ligands and Some Novel Heterobimetallic Binuclear Arrays Formed with Trivalent Lanthanoid Ions|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|volume=634|issue=2|year=2008|pages=325–334|issn=00442313|doi=10.1002/zaac.200700442}}</ref>也可用作酚类的脱质子试剂制备酚盐。

酸性较强的酚可以直接和金属化合物反应，生成相应的酚。例如[[苦味酸]]（2,4,6-三硝基苯酚）和[[碳酸铅]]或[[乙酸铅]]反应，可以得到苦味酸铅。<ref>Matsukawa M, Matsunaga T, Yoshida M, et al. Synthesis and properties of lead picrates. ''Science and Technology of Energetic Materials'', 2004, 65(1): 7-13.</ref>

==性质==
[[File:Structure of M(OAr)4 anion.svg|thumb|right|250px|M<sup>n+</sup>和OAr<sup>−</sup>形成配阴离子的结构示意图。（原子颜色：灰色 碳，红色 氧，深蓝色 金属）]]
碱金属酚盐可以作为[[亲核试剂]]和[[卤代烃]]发生[[威廉姆逊合成反应|威廉姆逊反应]]，例如：<ref> Hans Beyer und Wolfgang Walter: Organische Chemie, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart, 1984, pp. 463–464, ISBN 3-7776-0406-2.</ref>
: <math>\mathrm{C_6H_5{-}ONa\ +\ CH_3{-}I\longrightarrow\ C_6H_5{-}O{-}CH_3\ +\ NaI}</math>

苯酚钠或苯酚钾在加热、加压下还能发生[[科尔贝－施密特反应]]，这一反应在工业上用于制备[[水杨酸]]：<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lindsey|first1=Alan S.|last2=Jeskey|first2=Harold|title=The Kolbe-Schmitt Reaction|journal=Chemical Reviews|volume=57|issue=4|year=1957|pages=583–620|issn=0009-2665|doi=10.1021/cr50016a001}}</ref>
: [[File:Salicylic-Acid_General_Synthesis_V.2.svg|400px]]

过渡金属和芳氧基阴离子可以形成酚盐配合物，例如(Ph<sub>4</sub>P)<sub>2</sub>[Cu(OAr)<sub>4</sub>]中含有[Cu(OAr)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>离子。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Buzzeo|first1=Marisa C.|last2=Iqbal|first2=Amber H.|last3=Long|first3=Charli M.|last4=Millar|first4=David|last5=Patel|first5=Sonal|last6=Pellow|first6=Matthew A.|last7=Saddoughi|first7=Sahar A.|last8=Smenton|first8=Abigail L.|last9=Turner|first9=John F. C.|last10=Wadhawan|first10=Jay D.|last11=Compton|first11=Richard G.|last12=Golen|first12=James A.|last13=Rheingold|first13=Arnold L.|last14=Doerrer|first14=Linda H.|title=Homoleptic Cobalt and Copper Phenolate A<sub>2</sub>[M(OAr)<sub>4</sub>] Compounds:  The Effect of Phenoxide Fluorination|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=43|issue=24|year=2004|pages=7709–7725|issn=0020-1669|doi=10.1021/ic0493954}}</ref>[[铁化合物|铁盐]]可以和酚发生显色反应，其颜色也来自形成的配合物。<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Gore|first1=P.H.|last2=Newman|first2=P.J.|title=Quantitative aspects of the colour reaction between Iron(III) and phenols|journal=Analytica Chimica Acta|volume=31|year=1964|pages=111–120|issn=00032670|doi=10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88791-7}}</ref>
==参考文献==
{{reflist|2}}

==参见==
* [[醇盐]]

[[Category:酚盐|*]]