查看“︁碳酸氢钾”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
|   NameEn = Potassium bicarbonate
|   ImageFile = Potassium bicarbonate.png
|   ImageSize = 200px
|   ImageName = 碳酸氢钾 阴离子和阳离子示意图
|   IUPACName = potassium hydrogen carbonate
|   OtherNames = 重碳酸钾；酸式碳酸钾
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 298-14-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|    PubChem  =  516893
|  EINECS  =  206-059-0
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  55053
|  ChEBI_Ref  = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|  ChEBI  =  81862
|  SMILES  =  [K+].[O-]C(=O)O
|  InChI  =  1/CH2O3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
|  InChIKey  =  TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-REWHXWOFAA
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/CH2O3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|  Formula = KHCO<sub>3</sub>
|  Appearance = 白色无臭结晶
|  MolarMass = 100.115 
|  Density = 2.17 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|  Solubility = 22.49 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 60 g/100 mL (60 °C)
|  MeltingPt = 292 °C
|  pKa = 8.2 (0.1M)
|  RefractIndex = 1.482
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS = [http://msds.ehs.cornell.edu/msds/msdsdod/a495/m247034.htm MSDS]
|   EUIndex = 
|   MainHazards = 
|   NFPA-H = 1
|   NFPA-F =
|   NFPA-R =
|   FlashPt =  
|   RPhrases = 
|   SPhrases = 
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = 
|   OtherCations = 
|   OtherCpds = 
  }}
}}
'''碳酸氢钾'''（化学式：KHCO<sub>3</sub>）是[[钾]]生成的[[碳酸氢盐]]，属[[酸式盐]]。

==性质==
无色无臭透明[[单斜晶系]]结晶或白色结晶粉末。在空气中稳定。可溶于水，水溶液因[[水解]]而呈弱[[碱性]]，与镁盐溶液不沉淀出[[碱式盐]]。难溶于[[乙醇]]。100°C 开始分解，200°C 完全分解，生成[[碳酸钾]]、[[水]]和[[二氧化碳]]。

==制取==
1、由除去杂质的[[碳酸钾]]溶液在[[碳化塔]]中，在反应温度50°C以上、压力0.4MPa下，与通入的[[二氧化碳]]进行反应5～6小时，生成的碳酸氢钾随浓度升高而不断析出，然后母液经结晶分离、洗涤、离心分离、80°C 下干燥，得到碳酸氢钾成品。
:<math>\rm \ K_2CO_3+H_2O+CO_2\rightarrow 2KHCO_3</math>

2、[[离子交换]]法：[[氯化钾]]溶液使钠型树脂变为钾型（R-K），用[[软水]]洗去氯离子，然后将[[碳酸氢铵]]溶液通过树脂交换柱，得到碳酸氢铵和碳酸氢钾的混合稀溶液，经蒸发分解使大部分分解为碳酸钾，再送至碳化塔发生[[碳化]]生成碳酸氢钾。
:<math>\rm \ R\!-\!Na+KCl\rightarrow R\!-\!K+NaCl</math>
:<math>\rm \ R\!-\!K+NH_4HCO_3\rightarrow R\!-\!NH_4+KHCO_3</math>
:<math>\rm \ 2KHCO_3\rightarrow K_2CO_3+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow</math>
:<math>\rm \ K_2CO_3+CO_2+H_2O\rightarrow 2KHCO_3</math>

==用途==
用作[[分析试剂]]、[[焙粉]]、[[发泡盐]]、[[医药品]]、石油和化学品的[[灭火剂]]，也用于生产其他钾盐，如[[碳酸钾]]、[[乙酸钾]]、[[亚砷酸钾]]等。

=== 飲食 ===
碳酸氫鉀在烘焙中可以作為[[碳酸氫鈉]]的替代物，充當[[膨鬆劑]]，產生二氧化碳，進而減少食品的鈉含量。<ref>{{cite web |title=Potassium Bicarbonate |url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/academic-and-educational-journals/potassium-bicarbonate |website=encyclopedia.com |publisher=Cengage |access-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-date=2023-06-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620165504/https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/academic-and-educational-journals/potassium-bicarbonate |dead-url=no }}</ref>在[[低鈉飲食]]中，碳酸氫鈉是[[泡打粉]]的配料之一。<ref>{{cite web |title=Home cooking with less salt |url=https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/home-cooking-with-less-salt |website=harvard.edu |date=March 2020 |publisher=Harvard University |access-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722024903/https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/home-cooking-with-less-salt |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Wilkens |first1=Katy G. |title=You Have the (Baking) Power with Low-Sodium Baking Powders |url=https://www.agingkingcounty.org/2018/12/14/you-have-the-baking-power-with-low-sodium-baking-powders/ |website=agingkingcounty.org |date=15 December 2018 |publisher=Aging & Disability Services for Seattle & King County |access-date=May 29, 2020 |archive-date=2024-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522135001/https://www.agingkingcounty.org/2018/12/14/you-have-the-baking-power-with-low-sodium-baking-powders/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>

作為一種價格低廉，無毒的[[鹽基]]，碳酸氫鉀可用於[[酸度調節劑|酸度調節]]，在製藥業、釀酒業有廣泛運用。<ref>{{cite web | url = http://time.com/3029191/bottled-water-ingredients-nutrition-health/ | title = Why Your Bottled Water Contains Four Different Ingredients | publisher = Time Magazine | date = July 24, 2014 | access-date = 2024-08-23 | archive-date = 2019-02-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190208133445/http://time.com/3029191/bottled-water-ingredients-nutrition-health/ | dead-url = no }}</ref>此外，將碳酸氫鉀可以改善瓶裝水口感，其亦被用於碳酸飲料、維生素C泡騰片的生產中。

==参见==
*[[碳酸氢钠]]、[[碳酸氢铵]]
*[[硫酸氢钾]]、[[磷酸一氢钾]]、[[磷酸二氢钾]]
*[[碳酸钾]]

==参考资料==
=== 內文引用 ===

{{reflist|2}}
=== 參閱 ===
#{{cite book|title=中国化工产品大全 上卷|pages=91|publisher=化学工业出版社|author=化学工业出版社组织编写|isbn=7-5025-1268-3|location=北京|date=1994年7月}}
#{{cite book|pages=214|title=化合物词典|author=申泮文，王积涛主编|publisher=上海辞书出版社|location=上海|isbn=7-5326-0415-2|date=2002年6月}}
#{{cite web|url=http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz13/126464dfshi.htm|title=碳酸氢钾；酸式碳酸钾；重碳酸钾|publisher=化工引擎|accessdate=2009-09-19|archive-date=2011-10-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001211427/http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz13/126464dfshi.htm|dead-url=no}}
#{{cite web |url=http://www.guidechem.com/dictionary/298-14-6.html |title=碳酸氢钾字典-guidechem.com{{en}} |accessdate=2012-01-06 |archive-date=2011-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514001449/http://www.guidechem.com/dictionary/298-14-6.html |dead-url=no }}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:钾化合物]]
[[Category:碳酸氢盐]]
[[Category:酸式盐]]
[[Category:灭火剂]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]

{{Potassium_compounds}}
{{矿物补充剂}}