查看“︁碘化亚铊”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 476998979
| ImageFile = TlI_structure.png
| ImageName = Thallium(I) iodide
| IUPACName = 
| OtherNames = 一碘化铊
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 56430
| InChI = 1/HI.Tl/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey = CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-REWHXWOFAG
| SMILES = I[Tl]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/HI.Tl/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CMJCEVKJYRZMIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo = 7790-30-9
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 98W17EMO3C
| PubChem = 62679
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = TlI
| MolarMass = 331.287 g/mol<ref name=r1>Haynes, p. 4.94</ref>
| Appearance = 黄色晶体<ref name=r1/>
| Density = 7.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=r1/>
| Solubility = 0.085 g/L (25 °C)<ref name=r1/>
| SolubleOther = 不可溶于[[乙醇]]<ref name=r1/>
| MeltingPtC = 441.7
| BoilingPtC = 824
| MeltingPt_ref = <ref name=r1/>
| BoilingPt_ref = <ref name=r1/>
| MagSus = −82.2·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol<ref>Haynes, p. 4.136</ref>
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = 
| EUClass = 剧毒 ('''T+''')<br/>危害环境('''N''')
| RPhrases = {{R26/28}}, {{R33}}, {{R51/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S13}}, {{S28}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}}
| NFPA-H = 
| NFPA-F = 
| NFPA-R = 
| NFPA-S = 
| FlashPt = 不可燃
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[氟化亚铊]]<br/>[[氯化亚铊]]<br/>[[溴化亚铊]]
| OtherCations = [[一碘化镓]]<br/>[[一碘化铟]]
| OtherCpds = [[碘化汞]]<br/>[[二碘化铅]]
  }}
}}

'''碘化亚铊'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，化学式为<chem>TlI
</chem>。它是少数不可溶的金属[[碘化物]]之一，其它包括[[碘化银|AgI]]、[[碘化亚铜|CuI]]、[[碘化亚锡|SnI<sub>2</sub>]]、[[碘化锡|SnI<sub>4</sub>]]、[[二碘化铅|PbI<sub>2</sub>]]和[[碘化汞|HgI<sub>2</sub>]]。

==化学性质==
<chem>TlI
</chem>可以在水溶液中由可溶铊盐和碘化物的[[复分解反应]]而成。它也可以由用[[乙酸亚铊]]促进[[苯酚]]的碘化而成，以副产物的形式出现。

所有将<chem>TlI
</chem>[[氧化]]，产生碘化铊(<chem>III
</chem>)的尝试都失败了。它们形成[[三碘化铊]]，<chem>Tl^+
</chem>I<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>。

==物理性质==
<chem>TlI
</chem>在室温下是黄色的，具有[[斜方晶系]]<ref name=low>{{cite journal|doi=10.1063/1.1678917|title=Molecular structure and anharmonicity in thallium iodide|journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=58|pages=271–278|year=1973|last1=Lowndes|first1=R. P.|last2=Perry|first2=C. H.}}</ref>，可看作是扭曲的<chem>NaCl
</chem>结构。据信扭曲的结构是由有利的铊-铊相互作用引起的，最接近的<chem>Tl-Tl
</chem>距离为383 [[PM|pm]]。<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Thallium Halides – New Aspects of the Stereochemical Activity of Electron Lone Pairs of Heavier Main-Group Elements
| author = Mudring, Anja-Verena 
| journal = [[European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry]]
| volume = 2007 
| issue = 6
| pages = 882–890
| doi = 10.1002/ejic.200600975
| year = 2007
}}</ref>在175°C下，黄色的碘化亚铊晶体变成红色的[[氯化铯|CsCl]]晶体。这种相变伴随着电导率的大约两个数量级的跃迁。往<chem>TlI
</chem>掺杂其它卤化物（如<chem>RbI
</chem>、<chem>CsI
</chem>、<chem>KI
</chem>、<chem>AgI
</chem>、<chem>TlBr
</chem>和<chem>TlCl
</chem>），可以将<chem>CsI
</chem>结构稳定到室温。<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.physb.2008.10.002|title=Electrical conductivity in TlI–TiO2 composite solid electrolyte|journal=Physica B: Condensed Matter|volume=404|pages=36–40|year=2009|last1=Sultana|first1=Saima|last2=Rafiuddin}}</ref>因此，在某些环境下，杂质的存在可能是立方相和斜方相的TlI相共存的原因。 <ref name=low/>在160 kbar的高压下，<chem>TlI
</chem>会变成金属性导体。在<chem>LiF
</chem>，<chem>NaCl
</chem>或<chem>KBr
</chem>衬底上生长的纳米<chem>TlI
</chem>薄膜具有立方[[石盐]]结构。<ref name=str>{{cite journal|doi=10.1107/S0365110X51001641|title=Polymorphism of cesium and thallium halides|journal=Acta Crystallographica|volume=4|issue=6|pages=487–489|year=1951|last1=Schulz|first1=L. G.}}</ref>

==应用==
碘化亚铊可以添加到水银弧光灯中，改善性能。<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1364/JOSA.54.000532|title=Characteristics of Mercury Vapor–Metallic Iodide Arc Lamps|journal=Journal of the Optical Society of America|volume=54|issue=4|pages=532|year=1964|last1=Reiling|first1=Gilbert H.}}</ref>所产生的光主要在可见光谱的青色部分中，被水吸收得最少，因此可用于水下照明。<ref>Underwater Journal and information bulletin, IPC Science and Technology Press, (1973), p 245</ref>碘化亚铊也可以与[[碘化钠|NaI]]或[[碘化銫|CsI]]一起痕量使用，以生产用于辐射探测器的[[闪烁体探测器]]。

==天然存在==
天然的碘化亚铊矿物只是最近才发现的，是一种正交晶型的多晶形物，称为{{Lang|en|nataliyamalikite}}。它起源于火山喷气孔。<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-47920.html|title=Nataliyamalikite: Mineral information, data and localities.|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=2020-09-26|archive-date=2020-10-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021091546/https://www.mindat.org/min-47920.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==安全性==
和其它铊化合物一样，碘化亚铊有剧毒。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

==外部链接==
*{{RubberBible92nd}}

{{铊化合物}}
{{碘化物}}

{{无机物晶体结构 (P~Z)}}

[[Category:碘化物]]
[[Category:一价铊化合物]]
[[Category:金属卤化物]]