查看“︁氢化锌”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| NameEn = Zinc hydride
| ImageFile = Zinc hydride.png
| ImageSize = 
| IUPACName = 
| OtherNames = 
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 14018-82-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  PubChem  =  12131914
|  SMILES  = [ZnH2] |  ChemSpiderID  =  10806557
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/Zn.2H
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  ZULTYUIALNTCSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = ZnH<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass =  67.406
| Appearance = 白色晶体
| Density = 
| MeltingPt = 
| BoilingPt = 
| Solubility = }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = 
| FlashPt = 
| Autoignition = }}
}}

'''氢化锌'''（化学式：ZnH<sub>2</sub>）是二价[[锌]]生成的[[氢化物]]。

==性质==
白色非挥发性固体，贮存时发生分解变灰。<ref name = "Herrmann">{{cite book en| first = Wolfgang A. | last = Herrmann | year = 1997 | title = Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry | publisher = Georg Thieme Verlag | isbn = 3131030615}}</ref>可以[[聚合]]。有明显的[[共价键]]化合物特性。<ref>{{cite book en| first = Rosemary Ann | last = Mackay | coauthor =  Henderson, W.; | year = 2002 |  title =  Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry | edition = 6th | publisher = CRC Press | isbn = 0748764208  }}</ref>

蒸汽中存在直线型的 ZnH<sub>2</sub> 分子，键长 153.5 pm。<ref>{{cite journal en| title = Vibration−Rotation Emission Spectra of Gaseous ZnH<sub>2</sub> and ZnD<sub>2</sub> | first = Alireza | last = Shayesteh | coauthors =  Appadoo, Dominique R. T.; Gordon, Iouli E.; Bernath, Peter F.; [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] | year = 2004 | volume = 126 | issue = 44 | pages = 14356–14357 | doi = 10.1021/ja046050b}}</ref>

易被空气氧化，甚至着火。可以被水分解放出[[氢气]]，遇酸剧烈分解。不溶于[[乙醚]]。真空中高于80℃时分解为[[锌]]和[[氢]]。在[[醚]]中[[乙硼烷]]使它转变为[[硼氢化锌]]（Zn(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>）。<ref name="chemyq">{{cite web|url=http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz13/127431vckqc.htm|title=氢化锌|publisher=化工引擎|accessdate=2009-08-24|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304140459/http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz13/127431vckqc.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>

==制取==
1、在[[乙醚]]溶液中，由[[二甲基锌]]和[[氢化铝锂]]反应，得到白色沉淀，用乙醚洗涤，加热至50℃，除去乙醚而得。<ref name="chemyq" />
:<math>\rm \ Zn(CH_3)_2 \ + \ 2LiAlH_4 \ \xrightarrow[0^oC] {Et_2O} \ ZnH_2 \ + \ 2LiAlH_3CH_3</math>

2、[[碘化锌]]与[[氢化铝锂]]低温在乙醚中反应而得：
:<math>\rm \ 2ZnI_2 \ + \ LiAlH_4 \ \xrightarrow[-40^oC]{Et_2O} \ 2ZnH_2 \ + \ LiI \ + \ AlI_3</math>

3、由碱金属氢化物与卤化锌反应制备：<ref name = "Herrmann"/><ref name="Wiberg&Holleman">Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier ISBN 0123526515</ref>
:<math>\rm \ 2LiH \ + \ ZnBr_2 \ \rightarrow \ ZnH_2 \ + \ 2LiBr</math>
:<math>\rm \ 2NaH \ + \ ZnI_2 \ \rightarrow \ ZnH_2 \ + \ 2NaI</math>

于1947年由 Finholt 等首次制得。<ref>{{cite journal en| author = A. E. Finholt, A. C. Bond, Jr., H. I. Schlesinger | journal = [[Journal of the American Chemical Society]] | year = 1947 | volume = 69 | pages = 1199–1203 | doi = 10.1021/ja01197a061 | title = Lithium Aluminum Hydride, Aluminum Hydride and Lithium Gallium Hydride, and Some of their Applications in Organic and Inorganic Chemistry}}</ref> 熔融锌中只能溶解极少量氢，因此从300℃起到锌的熔点，锌与氢并不发生直接的反应。<ref>吕云阳，王文绍，刘颂禹，季振平．《无机化学丛书》第六卷 卤素 铜分族 锌分族．北京：科学出版社，1998年10月．页705．书号 03-003647-6．</ref>

==用途==
[[有机合成]]中用作[[还原剂]]。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{Zinc compounds}}{{氫化物}}
[[Category:锌化合物]]
[[Category:金属氢化物]]
[[Category:还原剂]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]
[[Category:1940年代发现的物质]]