查看“︁次硝酸”︁的源代码

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'''次硝酸'''或'''亚硝酰酸'''<ref>项斯芬 等. 无机化学丛书 第4卷 氮磷砷分族. 科学出版社, 1995. {{isbn|9787030305480}}. 5.1 氮的含氧酸的结构. pp 90.</ref>是一种[[无机化合物]]，[[化学式]]為<chem>HNO</chem>，[[结构式]]H−N=O，[[pKa]] 11.4，[[共軛鹼]]為<chem>NO-</chem>。<chem>NO-</chem>和[[氧氣]]是[[等電子體]]，常作為反應中間體。在[[氧化还原反应|氧化還原反應]]的對應[[氧化產物]]為[[一氧化氮]]（<chem>NO</chem>）。與[[硝酸]]和[[亚硝酸|亞硝酸]]不同，次硝酸没有[[氫氧鍵|氧－氫键]]。次硝酸的氮－氫[[键离解能|鍵離解能]]是207 kJ/mol。<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>

次硝酸對[[亲核体|親核體]]（尤其是[[硫醇]]）非常活潑，次硝酸會迅速[[二聚作用|二聚合]]生成[[连二次硝酸|連二次硝酸]]<chem>H2N2O2</chem>，然後[[脱水|脫水]]生成[[一氧化二氮|笑氣]]（<chem>N2O</chem>），因此次硝酸通常現製現用，如利用[[三氧連二硝酸鈉]] （<chem>Na2N2O3</chem>）和[[苯磺酰异羟肟酸]]（<chem>PhSO2NHOH</chem>）反應制取。

次硝酸有助治療[[心臟衰竭]]<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Tian |first=Ye |last2=Zhong |first2=Xin |last3=Cheng |first3=Jia-li |date=2008-08 |title=[Role of nitroxyl hydrogen on normal and failing heart] |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19100124/ |journal=Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi |volume=36 |issue=8 |issn=0253-3758 |pmid=19100124 |access-date=2024-05-12 |archive-date=2024-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512002744/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19100124/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>。目前研究關注於尋找新的次硝酸[[前体|前體]]。有研究發現[[四乙酸铅|四乙酸鉛]]氧化環己酮[[肟]]可生成[[1-亞硝基環己基乙酸]]<ref>Hydrolysis of Acyloxy Nitroso Compounds Yields Nitroxyl (HNO) Xin Sha, T. Scott Isbell, Rakesh P. Patel, Cynthia S. Day, and S. Bruce King [[J. Am. Chem. Soc.]]; '''2006'''; 128(30) pp 9687 - 9692; (Article) {{DOI| 10.1021/ja062365a}} </ref>，在[[鹽基|鹼性]]條件<ref>原文為basic conditions，應譯作“鹽基的條件下”，有關鹽基和鹼的區別，參見[[鹽基#鹽基和鹼的混淆|鹽基條目中相關部分]]</ref>在[[緩衝溶液]][[水解]]生成次硝酸、[[乙酸]]和[[环己酮|環己酮]]：

:[[Image:Nitrosocyclohexyl acetate.png|400px|Nitrosocyclohexyl acetate]]

其他有關次硝酸研究的先行者包括長澤等人<ref>Prodrugs of Nitroxyl as Potential Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitors vis-a-vis Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxants Nagasawa, H. T.; Kawle, S. P.; Elberling, J. A.; DeMaster, E. G.; Fukuto, J. M. J. Med. Chem., 38, 1865-1871. {{doi|10.1021/jm00011a005}}</ref>。研究發現苯磺酰异羟肟酸會受熱[[分解反应|分解]]成次硝酸。另一個值得注意的關於生產次硝酸的研究來自托斯卡諾等人<ref>Cohen, A. D.; Zeng, B.-B.; King, S. B.; Toscano, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 1444-1445.{{doi|10.1021/ja028978e}}</ref>，人工合成[[亞硝基酰類]]的[[环加成反应|環加成物]]（已知該物質可水解生成次硝酸和[[酰酸]]）。這些化合物光解並釋放亞硝基酰類物質，進一步分解。

== 參考資料 ==
{{Reflist}}

{{氮的含氧酸}}
{{无机酸}}

[[Category:无机酸|硝]]
[[Category:无机氮化合物]]
[[Category:氮-氧化合物]]