查看“︁戈夫-格雷奇方程式”︁的源代码

'''戈夫-格雷奇方程式'''（{{lang-en|Goff-Gratch equation}}）可以在给定温度的情况下用来确定水的[[饱和蒸汽压]]。另一个类似的方程是[[Arden Buck方程式]]。

==历史==

戈夫-格雷奇方程式是以它的两个作者戈夫（Goff）和格雷奇（Gratch）命名，他们在文章里介绍了在某个温度下，如何计算平静的水面上水的[[饱和蒸汽压]]。戈夫在1957年修订了这个方程，1988年戈夫-格雷奇方程式被[[世界气象组织]]所推荐，2000年又进行了进一步修正。

==方程式==

原始的戈夫-格雷奇方程式(1946) 如下:

:{|
|-
|<math>\log\ e^*\ = </math>
|<math>-7.90298(T_\mathrm{st}/T-1)\ +\ 5.02808\ \log(T_\mathrm{st}/T)</math>
|-
|
|<math>-\ 1.3816\times10^{-7}(10^{11.344(1-T/T_\mathrm{st})}-1)</math>
|
|-
|
|<math>+\ 8.1328\times10^{-3}(10^{-3.49149(T_\mathrm{st}/T-1)}-1)\ +\  \log\ e^*_\mathrm{st}</math>
|}

其中:
:log 是以10为底的[[对数]]
:''e''<sup>*</sup> 水的[[饱和蒸汽压]]([[帕斯卡|hPa]])
:''T''是以[[开尔文]]表示的[[绝对温度]]（[[开尔文|K]]）
:''T<sub>st</sub>''是[[沸点]]温度(373.15 K) 
:''e''<sup>*</sup><sub>st</sub> 是沸点压力(1 atm = 1013.25 hPa)

在冰面上方，水的饱和蒸汽压可简化为：

:{|
|-
|<math>\log\ e^*_i\ = </math>
|<math>-9.09718(T_0/T-1)\ -\ 3.56654\ \log(T_0/T)</math>
|-
|
|<math>+\ 0.876793(1-T/T_0) +\ \log\ e^*_{i0}</math>
|}

其中:
:log 是以10为底的[[对数]]
:''e''<sup>*</sup><sub>i</sub> 在冰面上方水的[[饱和蒸汽压]](hPa)
:''T'' 是空气温度(K)
:''T''<sub>0</sub> 是冰点温度(273.16 K) 
:''e''<sup>*</sup><sub>i0</sub> 是冰点压力(6.1173 hPa)

==参考文献==
{{refbegin}}
* Goff, J. A., and Gratch, S. (1946) Low-pressure properties of water from &minus;160 to 212&nbsp;°F, in Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 95–122, presented at the 52nd annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, New York, 1946.
* Goff, J. A. (1957) Saturation pressure of water on the new Kelvin temperature scale, Transactions of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, pp 347–354, presented at the semi-annual meeting of the American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, Murray Bay, Que. Canada.
* World Meteorological Organization (1988) General meteorological standards and recommended practices, Appendix A, WMO Technical Regulations, WMO-No. 49.
* World Meteorological Organization (2000) General meteorological standards and recommended practices, Appendix A, WMO Technical Regulations, WMO-No. 49, corrigendum.
*{{cite web |title=WMO Guide To Meteorological Instruments and Methods of Observation (the CIMO Guide) |year=2014 |id=WMO-No. 8. |url=http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/CIMO-Guide.html |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=2021-04-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427105136/https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/CIMO-Guide.html |dead-url=no }}
*{{cite journal |last=Murphy |first=D.M. |last2=Koop |first2=T. |title=Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications |journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society |volume=131 |issue=608 |pages=1539–65 |year=2005 |doi=10.1256/qj.04.94 |bibcode=2005QJRMS.131.1539M |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1236243 |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=2020-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818105335/https://zenodo.org/record/1236243 |dead-url=no }}
{{refend}}

[[Category:大气热力学]]