查看“︁四苯硼钠”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = NaBPh4.png
| IUPACName = Sodium tetraphenylborate
| OtherNames = 四苯硼酸钠、四苯硼化钠
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 143-66-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  PubChem  =   2723787
|  InChI  =  1S/C24H20B.Na/c1-5-13-21(14-6-1)25(22-15-7-2-8-16-22,23-17-9-3-10-18-23)24-19-11-4-12-20-24;/h1-20H;/q-1;+1
|  SMILES  =  [B-](C1=CC=CC=C1)(C2=CC=CC=C2)(C3=CC=CC=C3)C4=CC=CC=C4.[Na+]
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>BNa
| MolarMass = 342.24 
| Appearance = 白色固体
| Solubility = 47 g/100 g
| MeltingPt = > 300 &nbsp;°C 
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MSDS = 
| SPhrases = 
 }}
}}
'''四苯硼钠'''（[[化学式]]：[[钠|Na]][[硼|B]]([[碳|C]]<sub>6</sub>[[氢|H]]<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>），白色晶体，是[[分析化学]]常用试剂之一。可溶于水、[[甲醇]]、[[丙酮]]和[[乙醇]]，微溶于[[氯仿]]和[[乙醚]]。用作制取其他四苯硼化物的原料、钾离子的[[沉淀剂]]和鉴定试剂、[[碳酸酯]]的[[缩聚]][[催化剂]]及有机合成和配位化学试剂等。

==制取==
先用[[镁]]粉、[[溴苯]]和[[碘]]在[[乙醚]]溶液中合成[[格氏试剂]][[溴化苯基镁]]，然后再将格氏试剂与[[氟硼酸钠]]<ref>{{cite journal en| journal = [[Organometallics]] | year = 2005 | pages = 3579 | doi = 10.1021/om0501428 | title = Safe Preparation and Purification of Sodium Tetrakis[(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaBArF<sub>24</sub>): Reliable and Sensitive Analysis of Water in Solutions of Fluorinated Tetraarylborates. | author = N. Yakelis and R. G. Bergman}}</ref>或[[硼酸三甲酯]]反应，用有机溶剂提取，盐析结晶，干燥即得四苯硼钠成品。
:<math>\rm NaBF_4+4PhMgBr  \rightarrow  2MgBr_2+2MgF_2+NaBPh_4\,</math>

四苯硼化物含有四个[[苯基]]取代的硼阴离子，具[[亲脂性]]，容易溶于有机溶剂中。

==用途==
===鉴定钾离子===
在中性、碱性或[[乙酸|HAc]]性溶液中，四苯硼钠会与钾离子定量反应，生成难溶于水的白色沉淀[[四苯硼钾]]：
:<math>\rm K^++[B(C_6H_5)_4]^-\rightarrow K[B(C_6H_5)_4]\downarrow\,</math>

反应的[[检出限量]]为1''μ''g，钾离子[[最低浓度]]为2''μ''g/mL。铵离子、铷离子、铯离子也都会生成类似的沉淀，一般铵离子需要事先用灼烧法除去。

===其他===
[[乙腈]]溶液中，四苯硼钠与[[酰氯]]和叔[[胺]]作用，[[氯化钠]]沉淀出来，得到''N''-酰基季铵盐。（见下）<ref>{{cite journal en| journal = [[J. Org. Chem.]] | year = 1992 | pages = 5136 | doi =10.1021/jo00045a025  | title = Preparation and characterization of crystalline N-acylammonium salts. | author = J. King and G. Bryant}}</ref>
:<math>\rm RC(O)Cl+R'_3N+NaB(C_6H_5)_4\rightarrow [RC(O)NR'_3][B(C_6H_5)_4]+NaCl\,</math>

四苯硼钠可作为苯基供体，在钯催化下与[[三氟甲磺酸酯|三氟甲磺酸]]乙烯酯或芳基酯发生交叉偶联，以高产率生成芳基烯烃或联苯的衍生物。<ref>{{cite journal en| journal = Tetrahedron Letters | year = 1992 | pages = 4815 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)61293-5 | title = Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of vinyl and aryl triflates with tetraarylborates. | author = P. Ciattini, E. Morera, G. Ortar}}</ref>

四苯硼钠在非极性溶剂中溶解度较高，容易结晶，由此可用来制备和分离一些有机金属配合物。一些具体的应用如：

*分离d<sup>8</sup>构型金属离子（Ni、Pd、Pt）的五(磷酸三甲酯)配合物；<ref>{{cite journal en| journal = Inorganic Syntheses| year = 2007 | pages = 76 | doi = 10.1002/9780470132517.ch22 | title = Pentakis(Trimethyl Phosphite) Complexes of the d<sup>8</sup> Transition Metals | author = J. Jesson, M. Cushing, S. D. Ittel}}</ref>

*分离[[金属双氮配合物]]，<ref>{{cite journal en| journal = [[Inorg. Synth.]] | volume = 15 | year = 1974 | pages = 21 | doi = 10.1002/9780470132463.ch6 | title = trans - (Dinitrogen) Bis [Ethylenebis(diethylphosphine)] Hydridoiron(II) Tetraphenylborate. | author =M. Mays and E. Prater}}</ref>比如：

:<math>\rm FeHCl(\,</math>双膦<math>\rm )_2+NaB(C_6H_5)_4+N_2 \rightarrow [FeH(N_2)(\,</math>双膦<math>\rm )_2][B(C_6H_5)_4]+NaCl\,</math>， 双膦指ethylenebis(diethylphosphine)

==参见==
*其他测定钾离子的方法：[[亚硝酸钴钠]]法。

==参考资料==
<div class="references-small">
<references/>
</div>

==外部链接==
*[http://www.kmkxsw.cn/zx/18-2550.html 四苯硼钠滴定液的配制]{{Wayback|url=http://www.kmkxsw.cn/zx/18-2550.html |date=20190626053037 }}

[[Category:钠化合物]]
[[Category:化学鉴定]]
[[Category:四苯基硼酸盐]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]