人类发展指数

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人类发展指数的世界地图（基于2021年数据，2022年发布）
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World map
人类发展指数世界分布图按指数，增量为0.050（根据2022年数据，发布于2024年）Template:Legend-col

人類發展指數（Template:Lang-en，縮寫為Template:Lang）、人類發展水平或人文发展指数[1]，是聯合國開發計劃署从1990年開始發布的一个指数，用以衡量各國社會經濟发展程度的標準，並依此將各國和地区劃分為四種等級：極高、高、中、低共四組。

指數值根據出生時的平均壽命、受教育年限（包括平均受教育年限和預期受教育年限）、人均國民總收入三项指标計算出，在世界範圍內可作為各國之間的比較。

該指數也被列爲發達國家的條件之一，只有被列入第一組「極高」（0.8以上）的國家，才符合發達國家的要求。

分界標準

  • 極高：0.800以上
  • 高：0.799~0.700之間
  • 中：0.699~0.550之間
  • 低：0.549以下

起源

人类发展指数的起源可在联合国开发计划署的人类发展报告办公室编制的年度人类发展报告中找到。这是由巴基斯坦经济学家Template:Link-en于1990年设计和推出的，其目的是“為了将发展经济学的重点从国民收入核算转移到Template:Link-en的政策上。”马布哈克认为，需要一个简单的人类发展综合衡量标准来说服公众、学者和政治家。他们不仅应该通过经济进步，还要通过改善人类的幸福来评估发展。

计算方法

2010年开始的新计算方法

为构建该指数，每个指标都设定了最小值和最大值（以下年份为报告年份）：[2][3][4][5][6][7]

  • 出生时预期寿命：最小值(LEmin)为20岁；最大值(LEmax)2010年83.2岁，2011年83.4岁，2013年83.6岁，2014年-2016年都是85岁。
  • 平均受教育年限：最小值(MYSmin)为0；最大值(MYSmax)2010年13.2，2011年13.1，2013年13.3，2014年-2016年都是15。
  • 预期受教育年限：最小值(EYSmin)为0；最大值(EYSmax)2010年20.6，2011年-2016年都是18。
  • 综合教育指数：最小值(CEImin)为0；最大值(CEImax)2010年0.951，2011年0.978，2013年0.971。
  • 人均国民总收入（购买力平价美元）：最小值(GNIpcmin)2010年163美元，2011年-2016年都是100美元；最大值(GNIpcmax)2010年108,211美元，2011年107,721美元，2013年87,478美元，2014年-2016年都是75,000美元。

1. 预期寿命指数(LEI) =LE−LEminLEmax−LEmin

2. 教育指数(EI)

  • 2010年-2013年：EI =MYSI⋅EYSI−CEIminCEImax−CEImin
  • 2014年-2016年：EI =MYSI+EYSI2

2.1 平均受教育年限指数(MYSI) =MYS−MYSminMYSmax−MYSmin[8]

2.2 预期受教育年限指数(EYSI) =EYS−EYSminEYSmax−EYSmin[9]

3. 收入指数(II) =ln⁡(GNIpc)−ln⁡(GNIpcmin)ln⁡(GNIpcmax)−ln⁡(GNIpcmin)

而HDI值为三个基本指数的几何平均数，即HDI=LEI⋅EI⋅II3.

LE: 出生时预期寿命
MYS: 平均受教育年限（一个大于或等于25岁的人在学校接受教育的年数）
EYS: 预期受教育年限（一个5岁的儿童一生将要接受教育的年数）
CEI: 综合教育指数（Combined education index）
GNIpc: 人均国民总收入（购买力平价美元）

2009年以前的旧计算方法

由于人均本地生產總值并不是衡量人类发展的唯一指标，因此人类发展指数加入另外两个与生活品質有关的指标——健康和教育，因此人类发展指数是在三个指标的基础上计算出来的：預期壽命，用出生时预期寿命来衡量；教育程度，用成人识字率（2/3权重）及小学、中学、大学综合入学率（1/3权重）共同衡量；生活水準，用实际人均本地生產總值（购买力平价美元）来衡量。

为构建该指数，每个指标都设定了最小值和最大值：

  • 出生时预期寿命：25岁和85岁；
  • 成人识字率：0%和100%；为15岁以上识字者占15岁以上人口比率。
  • 综合入学率：0%和100%；指学生人数占6至21岁人口比率（依各国教育系统的差异而有所不同）。
  • 实际人均本地生產總值（购买力平价美元）：100美元和40000美元；

对于HDI的任何组成部分，该指数都可以用以下公式来计算：

指数值=（实际值-最小值）/（最大值-最小值）

  • 预期寿命指数 = LE−2585−25
  • 教育指数 = 23×ALI+13×GEI
  • 成人识字率指数（ALI） = ALR−0100−0
  • 综合入学率指数（GEI） = CGER−0100−0
  • 本地生產總值指数 = log⁡(GDPpc)−log⁡(100)log⁡(40000)−log⁡(100)

LE: 预期寿命
ALR: 成人识字率
CGER: 综合入学率
GDPpc: 人均本地生產總值（购买力平价美元）

对人类发展指数（HDI）的评价

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优点

  1. 较为全面。
  2. 计算所需数据较易获得。

缺点

  1. 下级指标及总体解释間可任意加权
  2. 下级指数相互之间產生强烈關連（例如收入和教育、教育又跟預期壽命有關）
  3. 一些下级指标即使随着收入上升也不能采用（例如日本的期望寿命>1）
  4. 没有顾及基尼分配（基尼系数），只統計国家平均，也無法得知效率
  5. 没有顾及性别（解决方法：全球性別差距報告）
  6. 教育时间的长短并不代表教育品質
  7. 沒有顧及人身自由、參政權利及新聞自由等人權指標
  8. 识字率等指标由於受历史因素影响较大，因此无法反映当前发展政策的状况
  9. 在现在的科技水准下，寿命不会因为公共卫生、社会福利的进步而无限增长
  10. 预期寿命的精准统计难度非常大，只有少量国家能設立一個足以支持预期寿命的统计Template:Fact完整数据库

2019年人类发展指数（2020年报告）

排名 国家或地区 人类发展指数
2019年数据(2020年报告)[10] 5年内的变化(2014年)[11] 2019年数据(2020年报告)[10] 年均增长值(2010-2019)[11]
极高人类发展指数
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.957 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.955 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.955 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.949 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.949 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.947 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.945 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.944 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.944 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.940 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.938 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.938 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.932 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.931 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.931 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.929 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.926 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.922 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.919 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.919 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.919 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.917 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.916 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.916 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.904 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.901 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.900 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.895 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.892 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.892 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.890 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.888 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.887 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.882 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.880 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.868 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.866 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.864 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.860 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.854 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.854 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.852 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.851 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.851 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.848 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.845 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.838 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.829 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.828 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.826 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.825 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.824 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.823 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.820 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.817 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.816 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.815 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.814 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.814 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.813 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.812 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.810 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.810 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.806 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.806 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.804 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.801 Template:Sort
高人类发展指数
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.799 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.795 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.783 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.783 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.782 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.780 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.779 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.779 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.779 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.779 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.778 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.777 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.777 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.776 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.774 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.767 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.765 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.761 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.759 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.759 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.756 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.756 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.750 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.748 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.744 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.743 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.742 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.740 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.740 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.738 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.738 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.737 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.735 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.734 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.729 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.728 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.725 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.724 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.720 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.718 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.718 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.718 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.716 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.715 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.715 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.711 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.709 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.708 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.707 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.704 NA[注 1]
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.704 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.703 Template:Sort
中人类发展指数
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.697 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.686 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.682 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.674 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.673 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.668 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.665 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.663 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.660 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.654 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.646 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.645 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.634 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.632 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.630 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.625 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.620 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.613 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.611 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.611 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.609 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.606 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.602 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.601 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.594 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.592 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.584 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.583 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.581 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.574 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.571 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.567 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.567 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.563 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.557 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.555 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.554 Template:Sort
低人类发展指数
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.546 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.545 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.544 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.543 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.539 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.538 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.529 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.528 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.527 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.524 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.515 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.512 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.511 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.510 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.510 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.496 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.485 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.483 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.480 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.480 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.480 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.477 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.470 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.459 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.456 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.452 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.452 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.434 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.433 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.433 Template:Sort
Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.398 Template:Sort
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Template:Sort Template:Sort Template:Flag 0.394 Template:Sort

2018年人類發展指數極高的國家和地區

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Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

排名 國家/地區 HDI
2018 數據排名
[12] 		同上年的變化[12] 2018 數據
[12] 		同上年的變化
[12]
1 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.954 Template:Increase 0.001
2 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.946 Template:Increase 0.003
3 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.942 Template:Increase 0.003
4 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.939 Template:Increase 0.001
4 Template:Increase (2) Template:Flag 0.939 Template:Increase 0.003
6 Template:Increase (1) Template:Flag 0.938 Template:Increase 0.003
6 Template:Decrease (1) Template:Flag 0.938 Template:Increase 0.001
8 Template:Decrease (1) Template:Flag 0.937 Template:Increase 0.001
9 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.935 Template:Increase 0.001
10 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.933 Template:Increase 0.001
11 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.930 Template:Increase 0.001
12 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.925 Template:Increase 0.001
13 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.922 Template:Increase 0.001
14 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.921 Template:Increase 0.001
15 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.920 Template:Increase 0.001
15 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.920 Template:Increase 0.001
17 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.919 Template:Increase 0.002
18 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.917 Template:Increase 0.001
19 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.915 Template:Increase 0.002
20 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.914 Template:Increase 0.002
21 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.909 Template:Increase 0.001
22 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.906 Template:Increase 0.002
23 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.906 Template:Increase 0.002
24 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.902 Template:Increase 0.003
25 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.893 Template:Increase 0.002
26 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.891 Template:Increase 0.003
27 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.891 Template:Increase 0.001
28 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.885 Template:Increase 0.002
29 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.883 Template:Increase 0.002
30 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.882 Template:Increase 0.003
31 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.873 Template:Increase 0.002

Template:Col-break

排名 國家 HDI
2018 數據排名
[12] 		同上年的變化[12] 2018 數據
[12] 		同上年的變化
[12]
32 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.872 Template:Increase 0.001
33 Template:Increase (1) Template:Flag 0.872 Template:Increase 0.004
34 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.869 Template:Increase 0.003
35 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.866 Template:Increase 0.002
36 Template:Increase (2) Template:Flag 0.857 Template:Increase 0.005
37 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.857 Template:Increase 0.001
38 Template:Increase (1) Template:Flag 0.857 Template:Increase 0.003
39 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.854 Template:Increase 0.004
40 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.850 Template:Increase 0.002
41 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.848 Template:Steady
42 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.847 Template:Increase 0.002
43 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.845 Template:Increase 0.002
44 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.845 Template:Increase 0.004
45 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.838 Template:Decrease 0.001
46 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.837 Template:Increase 0.002
47 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.834 Template:Increase 0.001
48 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.830 Template:Decrease 0.002
49 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.824 Template:Increase 0.002
50 Template:Increase (3) Template:Flag 0.817 Template:Increase 0.002
51 Template:Increase (8) Template:Flag 0.817 Template:Increase 0.004
52 Template:Decrease (1) Template:Flag 0.816 Template:Increase 0.003
53 Template:Decrease (1) Template:Flag 0.816 Template:Increase 0.003
54 Template:Decrease (1) Template:Flag 0.816 Template:Increase 0.003
55 Template:Increase (1) Template:Flag 0.814 Template:Increase 0.003
56 Template:Decrease (5) Template:Flag 0.813 Template:Steady
57 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.808 Template:Decrease 0.001
58 Template:Increase (1) Template:Flag 0.808 Template:Increase 0.001
59 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.806 Template:Increase 0.001
60 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.805 Template:Increase 0.001
61 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.804 Template:Increase 0.002
62 Template:Steady Template:Flag 0.801 Template:Increase 0.001

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2016年人类发展指数极高的国家和地区

2016年人类发展报告发布于2017年3月21日，实际上是以2015年数据为基础编制的。下表是人类发展指数极高的国家及地区列表（括号内是与上一个报告相比排名变化）：[13] Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.949 (Template:Steady)
  2. Template:Flag 0.939 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.939 (Template:Increase 1)
  4. Template:Flag 0.926 (Template:Increase 2)
  5. Template:Flag 0.925 (Template:Decrease 1)
  6. Template:Flag 0.925 (Template:Increase 6)
  7. Template:Flag 0.924 (Template:Decrease 2)
  8. Template:Flag 0.923 (Template:Decrease 2)
  9. Template:Flag 0.921 (Template:Increase 7)
  10. Template:Flag 0.920 (Template:Decrease 1)
  11. Template:Flag 0.920 (Template:Decrease 2)
  12. Template:Flag 0.917 (Template:Steady)
  13. Template:Flag 0.915 (Template:Decrease 4)
  14. Template:Flag 0.913 (Template:Steady)
  15. Template:Flag 0.912 (Template:Decrease 2)
  16. Template:Flag 0.909 (Template:Decrease 2)
  17. Template:Flag 0.903 (Template:Increase 3)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.901 (Template:Decrease 1)
  2. Template:Flag 0.899 (Template:Decrease 1)
  3. Template:Flag 0.898 (Template:Decrease 1)
  4. Template:Flag 0.897 (Template:Increase 1)
  5. Template:Flag 0.896 (Template:Decrease 1)
  6. Template:Flag 0.895 (Template:Increase 1)
  7. Template:Flag 0.893 (Template:Decrease 1)
  8. Template:Flag 0.890 (Template:Steady)
  9. Template:Flag 0.887 (Template:Increase 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.884 (Template:Decrease 1)
  11. Template:Flag 0.878 (Template:Steady)
  12. Template:Flag 0.866 (Template:Steady)
  13. Template:Flag 0.865 (Template:Increase 1)
  14. Template:Flag 0.865 (Template:Steady)
  15. Template:Flag 0.858 (Template:Increase 2)
  16. Template:Flag 0.856 (Template:Decrease 1)
  17. Template:Flag 0.856 (Template:Increase 4)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.856 (Template:Decrease 1)
  2. Template:Flag 0.855 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.848 (Template:Steady)
  4. Template:Flag 0.847 (Template:Increase 4)
  5. Template:Flag 0.847 (Template:Increase 1)
  6. Template:Flag 0.845 (Template:Decrease 5)
  7. Template:Flag 0.843 (Template:Increase 2)
  8. Template:Flag 0.840 (Template:Decrease 1)
  9. Template:Flag 0.836 (Template:Increase 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.830 (Template:Increase 2)
  11. Template:Flag 0.827 (Template:Decrease 5)
  12. Template:Flag 0.827 (Template:Increase 2)
  13. Template:Flag 0.824 (Template:Decrease 2)
  14. Template:Flag 0.807 (Template:Increase 1)
  15. Template:Flag 0.804 (Template:Increase 1)
  16. Template:Flag 0.802 (Template:Increase 2)
  17. Template:Flag 0.800 (Template:Decrease 3)

Template:Col-end

2015年人类发展指数极高的国家和地区

2015年人类发展报告发布于2015年12月14日，以2014年数据为基础编制。下表是人类发展指数极高的国家及地区列表（括号内是与上一个报告相比排名变化）：[14] Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.944 (Template:Steady)
  2. Template:Flag 0.935 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.930 (Template:Steady)
  4. Template:Flag 0.923 (Template:Increase 6)
  5. Template:Flag 0.922 (Template:Decrease 1)
  6. Template:Flag 0.916 (Template:Steady)
  7. Template:Flag 0.916 (Template:Increase 5)
  8. Template:Flag 0.915 (Template:Decrease 3)
  9. Template:Flag 0.913 (Template:Decrease 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.913 (Template:Decrease 2)
  11. Template:Flag 0.912 (Template:Decrease 2)
  12. Template:Flag 0.910 (Template:Increase 3)
  13. Template:Flag 0.908 (Template:Increase 5)
  14. Template:Flag 0.907 (Template:Decrease 2)
  15. Template:Flag 0.907 (Template:Steady)
  16. Template:Flag 0.899 (Template:Decrease 3)
  17. Template:Flag 0.898 (Template:Decrease 2)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.894 (Template:Increase 1)
  2. Template:Flag 0.892 (Template:Increase 2)
  3. Template:Flag 0.891 (Template:Decrease 3)
  4. Template:Flag 0.890 (Template:Steady)
  5. Template:Flag 0.888 (Template:Decrease 2)
  6. Template:Flag 0.885 (Template:Decrease 2)
  7. Template:Flag 0.883 (Template:Steady)
  8. Template:Flag 0.880 (Template:Steady)
  9. Template:Flag 0.876 (Template:Increase 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.873 (Template:Decrease 1)
  11. Template:Flag 0.870 (Template:Steady)
  12. Template:Flag 0.865 (Template:Steady)
  13. Template:Flag 0.861 (Template:Increase 3)
  14. Template:Flag 0.856 (Template:Decrease 1)
  15. Template:Flag 0.850 (Template:Steady)
  16. Template:Flag 0.850 (Template:Decrease 1)
  17. Template:Flag 0.845 (Template:Increase 3)

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  1. Template:Flag 0.844 (Template:Increase 2)
  2. Template:Flag 0.843 (Template:Decrease 1)
  3. Template:Flag 0.839 (Template:Decrease 2)
  4. Template:Flag 0.839 (Template:Increase 2)
  5. Template:Flag 0.837 (Template:Decrease 5)
  6. Template:Flag 0.836 (Template:Increase 9)
  7. Template:Flag 0.835 (Template:Decrease 1)
  8. Template:Flag 0.832 (Template:Decrease 1)
  9. Template:Flag 0.830 (Template:Decrease 2)
  10. Template:Flag 0.828 (Template:Decrease 1)
  11. Template:Flag 0.824 (Template:Decrease 1)
  12. Template:Flag 0.819 (Template:Increase 2)
  13. Template:Flag 0.818 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.816 (Template:Decrease 2)
  15. Template:Flag 0.802 (Template:Increase 2)

Template:Col-end

未包含

2014年人类发展指数极高的国家和地区

2014年人类发展报告发布于2014年7月24日，实际上是以2013年数据为基础编制的。下表是人类发展指数极高的国家及地区列表（括号内是与上一个报告相比排名变化）：[17] Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.944 (Template:Steady)
  2. Template:Flag 0.933 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.917 (Template:Increase 6)
  4. Template:Flag 0.915 (Template:Steady)
  5. Template:Flag 0.914 (Template:Decrease 2)
  6. Template:Flag 0.911 (Template:Decrease 1)
  7. Template:Flag 0.910 (Template:Decrease 1)
  8. Template:Flag 0.902 (Template:Increase 3)
  9. Template:Flag 0.901 (Template:Increase 9)
  10. Template:Flag 0.900 (Template:Increase 5)
  11. Template:Flag 0.899 (Template:Decrease 4)
  12. Template:Flag 0.898 (Template:Decrease 5)
  13. Template:Flag 0.895 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.892 (Template:Increase 12)
  15. Template:Flag 0.891 (Template:Decrease 2)
  16. Template:Flag 0.891 (Template:Decrease 3)
  17. Template:Flag 0.890 (Template:Decrease 7)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.889 (Template:Increase 6)
  2. Template:Flag 0.888 (Template:Decrease 3)
  3. Template:Flag 0.884 (Template:Steady)
  4. Template:Flag 0.881 (Template:Decrease 3)
  5. Template:Flag 0.881 (Template:Decrease 4)
  6. Template:Flag 0.881 (Template:Increase 5)
  7. Template:Flag 0.879 (Template:Decrease 3)
  8. Template:Flag 0.874 (Template:Decrease 4)
  9. Template:Flag 0.872 (Template:Decrease 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.869 (Template:Decrease 4)
  11. Template:Flag 0.861 (Template:Steady)
  12. Template:Flag 0.853 (Template:Steady)
  13. Template:Flag 0.852 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.851 (Template:Increase 5)
  15. Template:Flag 0.845 (Template:Decrease 1)
  16. Template:Flag 0.840 (Template:Steady)
  17. Template:Flag 0.836 (Template:Increase 23)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.834 (Template:Increase 6)
  2. Template:Flag 0.834 (Template:Increase 4)
  3. Template:Flag 0.830 (Template:Decrease 4)
  4. Template:Flag 0.830 (Template:Decrease 2)
  5. Template:Flag 0.829 (Template:Decrease 7)
  6. Template:Flag 0.827 (Template:Increase 1)
  7. Template:Flag 0.822 (Template:Decrease 1)
  8. Template:Flag 0.822 (Template:Increase 2)
  9. Template:Flag 0.818 (Template:Decrease 6)
  10. Template:Flag 0.815 (Template:Increase 4)
  11. Template:Flag 0.815 (Template:Increase 15)
  12. Template:Flag 0.814 (Template:Increase 8)
  13. Template:Flag 0.812 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.810 (Template:Decrease 4)
  15. Template:Flag 0.808 (Template:Decrease 4)

Template:Col-end

未包含

2013年人类发展指数极高的国家和地区

2013年人类发展报告发布于2013年3月14日，实际上是以2012年数据为基础编制的。下表是人类发展指数极高的国家及地区列表（括号内是与上一个报告相比排名变化）：[20] Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.955 (Template:Steady)
  2. Template:Flag 0.938 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.937 (Template:Increase 1)
  4. Template:Flag 0.921 (Template:Decrease 1)
  5. Template:Flag 0.920 (Template:Increase 4)
  6. Template:Flag 0.919 (Template:Decrease 1)
  7. Template:Flag 0.916 (Template:Steady)
  8. Template:Flag 0.916 (Template:Increase 3)
  9. Template:Flag 0.913 (Template:Increase 2)
  10. Template:Flag 0.912 (Template:Increase 2)
  11. Template:Flag 0.911 (Template:Decrease 5)
  12. Template:Flag 0.909 (Template:Increase 3)
  13. Template:Flag 0.906 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.906 (Template:Increase 1)
  15. Template:Flag 0.901 (Template:Increase 1)
  16. Template:Flag 0.900 (Template:Increase 1)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.897 (Template:Increase 1)
  2. Template:Flag 0.895 (Template:Increase 1)
  3. Template:Flag 0.895 (Template:Increase 8)
  4. Template:Flag 0.893 (Template:Steady)
  5. Template:Flag 0.892 (Template:Increase 1)
  6. Template:Flag 0.892 (Template:Steady)
  7. Template:Flag 0.885 (Template:Steady)
  8. Template:Flag 0.883 (Template:Decrease 16)
  9. Template:Flag 0.881 (Template:Decrease 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.875 (Template:Decrease 1)
  11. Template:Flag 0.875 (Template:Increase 2)
  12. Template:Flag 0.873 (Template:Decrease 1)
  13. Template:Flag 0.860 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.855 (Template:Increase 3)
  15. Template:Flag 0.848 (Template:Steady)
  16. Template:Flag 0.847 (Template:Increase 4)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.846 (Template:Decrease 1)
  2. Template:Flag 0.846 (Template:Increase 1)
  3. Template:Flag 0.840 (Template:Steady)
  4. Template:Flag 0.834 (Template:Increase 1)
  5. Template:Flag 0.831 (Template:Increase 1)
  6. Template:Flag 0.825 (Template:Increase 9)
  7. Template:Flag 0.821 (Template:Steady)
  8. Template:Flag 0.819 (Template:Increase 4)
  9. Template:Flag 0.818 (Template:Decrease 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.818 (Template:Decrease 11)
  11. Template:Flag 0.816 (Template:Decrease 2)
  12. Template:Flag 0.814 (Template:Decrease 1)
  13. Template:Flag 0.811 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.806 (Template:Increase 6)
  15. Template:Flag 0.805 (Template:Decrease 1)

Template:Col-end

未包含

2011年人类发展指数极高的国家和地区

2011年人类发展报告发布于2011年11月2日，实际上是以2011年数据为基础编制的。下表是人类发展指数极高的国家及地区列表（括号内是与上一个报告相比排名变化）：[23] Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.943 (Template:Steady)
  2. Template:Flag 0.929 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.910 (Template:Increase 4)
  4. Template:Flag 0.910 (Template:Steady)
  5. Template:Flag 0.908 (Template:Decrease 2)
  6. Template:Flag 0.908 (Template:Increase 2)
  7. Template:Flag 0.908 (Template:Decrease 2)
  8. Template:Flag 0.905 (Template:Decrease 2)
  9. Template:Flag 0.905 (Template:Increase 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.904 (Template:Decrease 1)
  11. Template:Flag 0.903 (Template:Increase 2)
  12. Template:Flag 0.901 (Template:Decrease 1)
  13. Template:Flag 0.898 (Template:Increase 8)
  14. Template:Flag 0.898 (Template:Increase 3)
  15. Template:Flag 0.897 (Template:Decrease 3)
  16. Template:Flag 0.895 (Template:Increase 3)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.888 (Template:Decrease 2)
  2. Template:Flag 0.886 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.885 (Template:Increase 6)
  4. Template:Flag 0.884 (Template:Decrease 6)
  5. Template:Flag 0.884 (Template:Increase 8)
  6. Template:Flag 0.882 (Template:Decrease 6)
  7. Template:Flag 0.878 (Template:Decrease 3)
  8. Template:Flag 0.874 (Template:Decrease 1)
  9. Template:Flag 0.867 (Template:Decrease 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.866 (Template:Increase 1)
  11. Template:Flag 0.865 (Template:Increase 1)
  12. Template:Flag 0.863 (Template:Decrease 2)
  13. Template:Flag 0.861 (Template:Decrease 7)
  14. Template:Flag 0.846 (Template:Increase 2)
  15. Template:Flag 0.840 (Template:Increase 4)
  16. Template:Flag 0.838 (Template:Decrease 2)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.838 (Template:Increase 4)
  2. Template:Flag 0.835 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.834 (Template:Decrease 4)
  4. Template:Flag 0.832 (Template:Decrease 3)
  5. Template:Flag 0.831 (Template:Increase 1)
  6. Template:Flag 0.816 (Template:Decrease 2)
  7. Template:Flag 0.813 (Template:Increase 2)
  8. Template:Flag 0.810 (Template:Increase 4)
  9. Template:Flag 0.809 (Template:Decrease 1)
  10. Template:Flag 0.806 (Template:Decrease 3)
  11. Template:Flag 0.805 (Template:Increase 5)
  12. Template:Flag 0.805 (Template:Increase 1)
  13. Template:Flag 0.797 (Template:Increase 1)
  14. Template:Flag 0.796 (Template:Increase 5)
  15. Template:Flag 0.793 (Template:Decrease 5)

Template:Col-end

2010年人类发展指数极高的国家和地区

2010年人类发展报告发布于2010年11月4日，实际上是以2010年数据为基础编制的。下表是人类发展指数极高的国家及地区列表（括号内是与上一个报告相比排名变化）：[24] Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.938 (Template:Steady)
  2. Template:Flag 0.937 (Template:Steady)
  3. Template:Flag 0.907 (Template:Increase 17)
  4. Template:Flag 0.902 (Template:Increase 9)
  5. Template:Flag 0.895 (Template:Steady)
  6. Template:Flag 0.891 (Template:Increase 13)
  7. Template:Flag 0.890 (Template:Decrease 1)
  8. Template:Flag 0.888 (Template:Decrease 4)
  9. Template:Flag 0.885 (Template:Decrease 2)
  10. Template:Flag 0.885 (Template:Increase 12)
  11. Template:Flag 0.884 (Template:Decrease 1)
  12. Template:Flag 0.877 (Template:Increase 14)
  13. Template:Flag 0.874 (Template:Decrease 4)
  14. Template:Flag 0.872 (Template:Decrease 6)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.872 (Template:Increase 12)
  2. Template:Flag 0.871 (Template:Decrease 4)
  3. Template:Flag 0.869 (Template:Decrease 14)
  4. Template:Flag 0.867 (Template:Decrease 1)
  5. Template:Flag 0.866 (Template:Decrease 3)
  6. Template:Flag 0.863 (Template:Decrease 5)
  7. Template:Flag 0.862 (Template:Increase 3)
  8. Template:Flag 0.855 (Template:Increase 3)
  9. Template:Flag 0.854 (Template:Decrease 5)
  10. Template:Flag 0.852 (Template:Decrease 13)
  11. Template:Flag 0.851 (Template:Decrease 11)
  12. Template:Flag 0.849 (Template:Decrease 5)
  13. Template:Flag 0.846 (Template:Decrease 5)
  14. Template:Flag 0.841 (Template:Increase 8)

Template:Col-break

  1. Template:Flag 0.828 (Template:Steady)
  2. Template:Flag 0.824 (Template:Increase 2)
  3. Template:Flag 0.818 (Template:Increase 11)
  4. Template:Flag 0.815 (Template:Increase 3)
  5. Template:Flag 0.815 (Template:Increase 5)
  6. Template:Flag 0.812 (Template:Increase 6)
  7. Template:Flag 0.810 (Template:Decrease 3)
  8. Template:Flag 0.805 (Template:Increase 7)
  9. Template:Flag 0.805 (Template:Decrease 7)
  10. Template:Flag 0.803 (Template:Decrease 5)
  11. Template:Flag 0.801 (Template:Steady)
  12. Template:Flag 0.795 (Template:Decrease 6)
  13. Template:Flag 0.795 (Template:Steady)
  14. Template:Flag 0.788 (Template:Decrease 5)

Template:Col-end

未列入统计的联合国会员国

一些国家因各种原因，主要是缺乏某些关键数据而未列入。以下為未列入2016年报告的联合国会员国：[13] Template:Col-begin Template:Col-break

非洲

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亚洲

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欧洲

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大洋洲

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注释

Template:Reflist

参考文献

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參見

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其他人类发展指标

外部链接

Template:- Template:人類發展指數 Template:各国生活品质指标列表 Template:各国列表 Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Template:Cite web
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web
  3. ↑ Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ Template:Cite web
  5. ↑ Template:Cite web
  6. ↑ Template:Cite web
  7. ↑ Template:Cite web
  8. ↑ Mean years of schooling (of adults) (years) is a calculation of the average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older in their lifetime based on education attainment levels of the population converted into years of schooling based on theoretical durations of each level of education attended. Source: Barro, R.J and J.-W.Lee.(2010). "A New Data Set of Educational Attainment in the World, 1950-2010."NBER Working Paper No. 15902.
  9. ↑ (Expected years of schooling is a calculation of the number of years a child of school entrance age is expected to spend at school, or university, including years spent on repetition. It is the sum of the age-specific enrolment ratios for primary, secondary, post-secondary non-tertiary and tertiary education and is calculated assuming the prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates were to stay the same throughout the child’s life. (Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2010). Correspondence on education indicators. March. Montreal.)
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Template:Cite book
  11. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Template:Cite web
  12. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Template:Cite web
  13. ↑ Template:Cite web
  14. ↑ Template:Cite web
  15. ↑ Template:Cite web
  16. ↑ Template:Cite web
  17. ↑ Template:Cite web
  18. ↑ Template:Cite web
  19. ↑ Template:Cite web
  20. ↑ Template:Cite web
  21. ↑ Template:Cite web
  22. ↑ Template:Cite web
  23. ↑ Template:Cite web


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