国际商品编码
Template:Multiple issues Template:NoteTA

国际商品编码(Template:Lang-en),即欧洲商品编码(Template:Lang,EAN),原来只是欧洲范围内商品代碼,而现在已是全球范围内产品交易的商品代码。为了适应读码器辨认的需要,这些代码又做成大家熟知的条形码。
另外,日本於1978年在EAN的基礎上開發出日本商品條碼(Template:Lang,JAN)。
代码组成及其意义
- 【EAN有8位数字和13位数字之分】
- 13位的组成是这样的:
- 国家代码(前3位)[1]
- 生产商代码(后4位)
国家代码和生产商代码由EAN各国总部具体发放和管理
- 货品代码(再5位)
这5位代码由厂商自行设定
- 计算机校验码(最后1位)
8位的EAN是专门为小商品设置的代码,所以其组成部分和13位EAN是不同的。
- 8位的组成是这样的:
- 国家代码(前3位)
- 生产商代码(后2位)
国家代码和生产商代码由EAN各国总部具体发放和管理
- 货品代码(再2位)
这2位代码由厂商自行设定
- 计算机校验码(最后1位)
會員國列表
國家代碼只能代表包裝該項商品的廠商所在國家(地区),並無法表示出原始生產地。未在下表出現的數字,乃是針對未來使用而保留。
- 000 - 019
Template:USA - 020 - 029
Restricted distribution (MO defined) - 030 - 039
Template:USA - 040 - 049
Restricted distribution (MO defined) - 050 - 139
Template:USA - 200 - 299
Restricted distribution (MO defined) - 300 - 379
Template:FRA - 380
Template:BGR - 383
Template:SVN - 385
Template:HRV - 387
Template:BIH - 389
Template:MNE - 390
Template:KOS - 400 - 440
Template:GER - 450 - 459
Template:JPN - 460 - 469
Template:RUS - 470
Template:KGZ - 471
Template:TWN - 474
Template:EST - 475
Template:LVA - 476
Template:AZE - 477
Template:LTU - 478
Template:UZB - 479
Template:LKA - 480
Template:PHI - 481
Template:BLR - 482
Template:UKR - 484
Template:MDA - 485
Template:ARM - 486
Template:GEO - 487
Template:KAZ - 488
Template:TJK - 489
Template:HKG - 490 - 499
Template:JPN - 500 - 509
Template:GBR - 520 - 521
Template:GRE - 528
Template:LBN - 529
Template:CYP - 530
Template:ALB - 531
Template:MKD - 535
Template:MLT - 539
Template:IRL - 540 - 549
Template:BEL
Template:LUX - 560
Template:PRT - 569
Template:ISL - 570 - 579
Template:DEN
Template:FRO
Template:GRL - 590
Template:POL - 594
Template:ROU - 599
Template:HUN - 600 - 601
Template:RSA - 603
Template:GHA - 604
Template:SEN - 608
Template:BHR - 609
Template:MUS - 611
Template:MCO - 613
Template:DZA - 615
Template:NGA - 616
Template:KEN - 618
Template:CIV - 617
Template:CMR - 619
Template:TUN - 620
Template:TZA - 621
Template:SYR - 622
Template:EGY - 623
Template:BRN - 624
Template:LBY - 625
Template:JOR - 626
Template:IRN - 627
Template:KUW - 628
Template:KSA - 629
Template:UAE - 630
Template:QAT - 637
Template:SCT - 640 - 649
Template:FIN - 690 - 699
Template:CHN - 700 - 709
Template:NOR - 729
Template:ISR - 730 - 739
Template:SWE - 740
Template:GTM - 741
Template:SLV - 742
Template:HND - 743
Template:NCA - 744
Template:CRC - 745
Template:PAN - 746
Template:DOM - 750
Template:MEX - 754 - 755
Template:CAN - 759
Template:VEN - 760 - 769
Template:SUI
Template:LIE - 770 - 771
Template:COL - 773
Template:URU - 775
Template:PER - 777
Template:BOL - 778 - 779
Template:ARG - 780
Template:CHL - 784
Template:PRY - 786
Template:ECU - 789 - 790
Template:BRA - 800 - 839
Template:ITA
Template:SMR
Template:VAT - 840 - 849
Template:ESP
Template:AND - 850
Template:CUB - 858
Template:SVK - 859
Template:CZE - 860
Template:SRB - 865
Template:MGL - 867
Template:PRK - 868 - 869
Template:TUR - 870 - 879
Template:NED - 880
Template:KOR - 883
Template:MMR - 884
Template:KHM - 885
Template:THA - 888
Template:SGP - 890
Template:IND - 893
Template:VNM - 896
Template:PAK - 899
Template:INA - 900 - 919
Template:AUT - 930 - 939
Template:AUS - 940 - 949
Template:NZL - 950
Global Office - 951
Global Office (EPCglobal) - 952
Global Office (Test) - 955
Template:MYS - 958
Template:MAC - 960 - 969
Global Office (GTIN-8s) - 977
期刊 (ISSN) - 978 - 979
书籍 (ISBN)Template:Efn - 980
退款收据 - 981 - 984
貨幣價值票券 - 990 - 999
印花、禮券
EAN的背景
早年
美国依據1970年IBM乔治·劳雷尔所開發12位数字的通用产品代码(Universal Product Code,縮寫「UPC」),在1973年制定为标准,後來重新改劃為「UPC-A」[2][3][4]。一年之后,为了和美国能协调一致欧洲也指定了一套类似的货品代码体系。1977年建立了欧洲货品协会European Article Association,其组织成员覆盖了全球98个国家。为了综合美国和欧洲的产品代码,设在美国的“均匀码理事会”(Uniform Code Council, UCC)把现今使用的EAN称为EAN·UCC。
更名
1981年,EAN已發展為國際性組織,改名為國際商品編碼協會。
現在
2005年EAN正式更名為GS1(Global Standard One)。 2005年1月1日起北美洲实行EAN-13的货品代码。
EAN-13 代码
在条形码中的应用
Template:Also 一位数字由两条明线和两条暗线来定义。
四条线段以最细的一条为标准,分别有一倍、两倍、三倍、四倍四种粗细。
同时一位数字的四条线段加起来的粗度正好是标准线段(最细线段)的七倍。
编碼的组成




Template:TransH 要编码一个13位数字,需要先把这些数字分为3部分:第一个数字,开始6个数字和后6个数字。开始的6个数字有两种编码模式,even模式(标识为G)和odd模式(标识为L)。第一个数字不会直接用G或L模式编码,但决定了开始6数字是用G模式还是L模式。后6个数字都会用RRRRRR模式来编码。 To encode the 13-digit EAN-13 number, the digits are split into 3 groups; the first digit, the first group of 6 and the last group of 6. The first group of 6 is encoded using a pattern whereby each digit has two possible encodings, one of which has even parity (denoted with letter G) and one of which has odd parity (denoted with letter L). The first digit is not represented directly by a pattern of bars and spaces, but is encoded indirectly, by selecting a pattern of choices between these two encodings for the first group of 6 digits, according to the table below. All digits in the last group of 6 digits are encoded using a single pattern RRRRRR, the one also used for UPC.
比如第一个数字为0,那么前6个数字全部使用LLLLLL模式来编码。UPC条码可以理解为一个0开头的EAN13条码。 If the first digit is zero, all digits in the first group of 6 are encoded using the pattern LLLLLL used for UPC, therefore, a UPC barcode is also an EAN-13 barcode with the first digit set to zero.
| First digit | First group of 6 digits | Last group of 6 digits |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | LLLLLL | RRRRRR |
| 1 | LLGLGG | RRRRRR |
| 2 | LLGGLG | RRRRRR |
| 3 | LLGGGL | RRRRRR |
| 4 | LGLLGG | RRRRRR |
| 5 | LGGLLG | RRRRRR |
| 6 | LGGGLL | RRRRRR |
| 7 | LGLGLG | RRRRRR |
| 8 | LGLGGL | RRRRRR |
| 9 | LGGLGL | RRRRRR |
This encoding guarantees that the first group always starts with an L-code, which has odd parity, and that the second group always starts with an R-code, which has even parity. Thus, it does not matter whether the barcode is scanned from the left or from the right, as the scanning software can use this parity to identify the start and end of the code.
EAN-8 barcodes encode all digits directly, using this scheme:
| First group of 4 digits | Last group of 4 digits |
|---|---|
| LLLL | RRRR |
| Digit | L-code | G-code | R-code |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0001101 | 0100111 | 1110010 |
| 1 | 0011001 | 0110011 | 1100110 |
| 2 | 0010011 | 0011011 | 1101100 |
| 3 | 0111101 | 0100001 | 1000010 |
| 4 | 0100011 | 0011101 | 1011100 |
| 5 | 0110001 | 0111001 | 1001110 |
| 6 | 0101111 | 0000101 | 1010000 |
| 7 | 0111011 | 0010001 | 1000100 |
| 8 | 0110111 | 0001001 | 1001000 |
| 9 | 0001011 | 0010111 | 1110100 |
Note: Entries in the R-column are bitwise complements (logical operator: negation) of the respective entries in the L-column. Entries in the G-column are the entries in the R-column in reverse bit order. See pictures of all codes against a colored background.
A run of one or more black areas is known as a "bar", and a run of one or more white areas is known as a "space". As can be seen in the table, each digit's encoding comprises two bars and two spaces, and the maximum width of a bar or space is four areas. Template:TransF
校驗碼的計算方法
- 例子:假設某國際商品條碼的前 12 位是:490-8569-21968;
- 計算加權和:
- 校驗碼即為加權和除以 10 的負餘數:。
所以,範例的校驗碼是 9,完整的國際商品條碼為 490-8569-21968-9。
外部連結
- Template:EnGS1 Template:Wayback
- Template:Zh-cnGS1 China 中华人民共和国物品编码中心 Template:Wayback
- Template:ZhGS1 Taiwan 財團法人中華民國商品條碼策進會 Template:Wayback
- Template:ZhGS1 Hong Kong 香港貨品編碼協會 Template:Wayback
- Template:ZhGS1 Macau 澳門 Template:Wayback
- Template:EnGS1 Singapore 新加坡 Template:Wayback
- Template:EnBarcodeRobot Template:Wayback
參考來源
- 註釋
- 引用