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{{noteTA |G1=Physics |G2=Chemistry |G3=核能 }} {{不是|瑞聯銀行}} {{Elementbox |name=Ubp |enname=Unbipentium |number=125 |symbol=Ubp |left=[[Ubq]] |right=[[Ubh]] |above=- |below=-<ref>原子序的上限為173</ref> |series=未知 |predicted series=超錒系元素 |series comment=可能為[[超錒系元素]] |group=不適用 |period=8 |block=g |series color= |phase color= |appearance= |image name= |image size= |image name comment= |image name 2= |image size 2= |image name 2 comment= |atomic mass=未知 |atomic mass 2= |atomic mass comment= |electron configuration= [[[Og]]] 5g<sup>1</sup> 6f<sup>3</sup> 8s<sup>2</sup> 8p<sup>1</sup><br />(預測<ref name=Haire>{{cite book| title = The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements| editor1-last = Morss|editor2-first = Norman M.| editor2-last = Edelstein| editor3-last = Fuger|editor3-first = Jean| last = Haire|first = Richard G.| chapter = Transactinides and the future elements| publisher = [[Springer Science+Business Media]]| year = 2006| isbn = 1-4020-3555-1| location = Dordrecht, The Netherlands| edition = 3rd| ref = CITEREFHaire2006}}</ref>) |electrons per shell=2, 8, 18, 32, 33, 21, 8, 3<br />(預測) |physical properties=未知 |color= |phase= |phase comment= |density gplstp= |density gpcm3nrt= |density gpcm3nrt 2= |density gpcm3nrt 3= |density gpcm3mp= |melting point K= |melting point C= |melting point F= |melting point pressure= |sublimation point K= |sublimation point C= |sublimation point F= |sublimation point pressure= |boiling point K= |boiling point C= |boiling point F= |boiling point pressure= |triple point K= |triple point kPa= |triple point K 2= |triple point kPa 2= |critical point K= |critical point MPa= |heat fusion= |heat fusion 2= |heat fusion pressure= |heat vaporization= |heat vaporization pressure= |heat capacity= |heat capacity pressure= |vapor pressure 1= |vapor pressure 10= |vapor pressure 100= |vapor pressure 1 k= |vapor pressure 10 k= |vapor pressure 100 k= |vapor pressure comment= |crystal structure= |atomic properties=未知 |oxidation states=(1), ('''6'''), ('''7''')(預測)<ref name="Pyykkö2011">{{Cite journal|last1=Pyykkö|first1=Pekka|author-link=Pekka Pyykkö|title=A suggested periodic table up to Z ≤ 172, based on Dirac–Fock calculations on atoms and ions|journal=Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics|volume=13|issue=1|pages=161–8|year=2011|pmid=20967377|doi=10.1039/c0cp01575j|bibcode = 2011PCCP...13..161P }}</ref> |oxidation states comment= |electronegativity= |number of ionization energies= |1st ionization energy= |2nd ionization energy= |3rd ionization energy= |atomic radius= |atomic radius calculated= |covalent radius= |Van der Waals radius= |magnetic ordering= |electrical resistivity= |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 20= |thermal conductivity= |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal expansion= |thermal expansion at 25= |speed of sound= |speed of sound rod at 20= |speed of sound rod at r.t.= |Tensile strength= |Young's modulus= |Shear modulus= |Bulk modulus= |Poisson ratio= |Mohs hardness= |Vickers hardness= |Brinell hardness= |CAS number= |isotopes= |isotopes comment= }} '''Unbipentium'''([[化學符號]]為'''Ubp''')是一種尚未被發現的[[化學元素]],[[原子序數]]是125。直到这个元素被发现、确认并确定了永久名称之前,''Unbipentium''和''Ubp''分别为这个元素的暫定[[IUPAC元素系统命名法|系统命名和化学符号]]。在[[扩展元素周期表]]中,Ubp位於[[第8周期元素|第8週期]],预测是屬於[[g區元素|g區]]的[[超锕系元素]]。Ubp可能處於理論上的[[超重元素]][[穩定島]]之中,而其後的126號元素[[Ubh]]預計將是穩定島中最穩定的元素。 Ubp迄今為止仍未被成功合成出來,[[俄羅斯]][[杜布納聯合原子核研究所]]曾在1970至1971年間嘗試合成該元素,但並未成功,目前世界各國也尚無嘗試合成Ubp的實驗計畫。 作為超錒系元素的一員,Ubp的性質預計與其較輕的可能[[同類物]][[錼]]有一些相似之處,例如可能都具有+6[[氧化態]]且能形成[[六氟化物]]。<ref name="5gchem">{{cite journal|last1=Dongon|first1=J.P.|last2=Pyykkö|first2=P.|date=2017|title=Chemistry of the 5g elements. Relativistic calculations on hexafluorides|journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition|volume=56|issue=34|pages=10132–10134|doi=10.1002/anie.201701609|pmid=28444891|s2cid=205400592|url=https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01515489/document|access-date=2023-10-10|archive-date=2023-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230417124641/https://hal-cea.archives-ouvertes.fr/cea-01515489/document|dead-url=no}}</ref>Ubp<sup>6+</sup>離子的外層[[電子組態]]預計為5g<sup>1</sup>,與Np<sup>6+</sup>離子的5f<sup>1</sup>組態類似。<ref name="Pyykkö2011"/><ref name=5gchem />不过,[[相对论量子化学|相对论效应]]可能会导致Ubp的某些性质与直接用[[元素周期律]]推测的性质有所不同。例如,科學家推算出Ubp的電子組態預計為[[[Og]]] 5g<sup>1</sup> 6f<sup>3</sup> 8s<sup>2</sup> 8p<sup>1</sup>或[Og] 6f<sup>4</sup> 8s<sup>2</sup> 8p<sup>1</sup>,和根據[[遞建原理]]預測的[Og] 5g<sup>5</sup> 8s<sup>2</sup>組態有很大的不同。<ref name=Haire/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Umemoto |first1=Koichiro |last2=Saito |first2=Susumu |date=1996 |title=Electronic Configurations of Superheavy Elements |url=https://journals.jps.jp/doi/pdf/10.1143/JPSJ.65.3175 |journal=Journal of the Physical Society of Japan |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=3175–9 |doi=10.1143/JPSJ.65.3175 |bibcode=1996JPSJ...65.3175U |access-date=31 January 2021 |archive-date=2021-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306212023/https://journals.jps.jp/doi/pdf/10.1143/JPSJ.65.3175 |dead-url=no }}</ref> ==概论== {{Excerpt|超重元素|概论|subsections=yes}} == 歴史 == 位於[[俄羅斯]]的[[杜布納聯合原子核研究所]]曾於1970至1971年間嘗試[[人工合成元素|合成]]過一次125號元素,但並未成功。研究人員用[[鋅]]離子射向[[鋂]]-243靶材,反應過程如下:<ref name=superlourds>{{cite journal|last1=Epherre|first1=M.|last2=Stephan|first2=C.|date=1975|title=Les éléments superlourds|language=fr|journal=Le Journal de Physique Colloques|volume=11|issue=36|pages=C5–159–164|url=https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46775464.pdf|doi=10.1051/jphyscol:1975541|access-date=2023-10-10|archive-date=2021-05-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518054220/https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/46775464.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> :<math>\,^{243}_{95}\mathrm{Am} + \,^{66, 68}_{30}\mathrm{Zn} \to \,^{309, 311}\mathrm{Ubp} ^{*} \to</math> 無原子 反應沒有檢測到任何原子,截面上限為5 [[靶恩|nb]]。該次實驗的動機為:根據[[穩定島]]理論,[[核子]]數目接近雙[[幻数_(物理学)|幻數]][[核種]]{{nuclide|Ubh|310}}([[質子數]]為126,[[中子數]]為184)的原子核將可能具有較高的穩定性<ref name=superlourds />,不過近期的研究顯示穩定島可能位於原子序較低的元素之間(例如原子序112的[[鎶]]附近),而125號元素等較重元素的合成實驗將需要更高的靈敏度。<ref name=Zagrebaev>{{cite journal|title=Future of superheavy element research: Which nuclei could be synthesized within the next few years?|url=http://nrv.jinr.ru/pdf_file/J_phys_2013.pdf|first1=Valeriy|last1=Zagrebaev|first2=Alexander|last2=Karpov|first3=Walter|last3=Greiner|date=2013|journal=Journal of Physics|volume=420|issue=1|pages=012001|doi=10.1088/1742-6596/420/1/012001|arxiv=1207.5700|bibcode=2013JPhCS.420a2001Z|s2cid=55434734|access-date=2023-10-10|archive-date=2015-10-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003154020/http://nrv.jinr.ru/pdf_file/J_phys_2013.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref> ==註釋== {{notelist}} ==參考資料== {{reflist|30em}} == 参考书目== * {{cite book|last=Beiser|first=A.|title=Concepts of modern physics|date=2003|publisher=McGraw-Hill|isbn=978-0-07-244848-1|edition=6th|oclc=48965418|ref=harv}} * {{cite book |last=Hoffman |first=D. C. |last2=Ghiorso |first2=A. |last3=Seaborg |first3=G. T. |title=The Transuranium People: The Inside Story |year=2000 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-1-78-326244-1|ref=harv}} * {{cite book|last=Kragh|first=H.|date=2018 |title=From Transuranic to Superheavy Elements: A Story of Dispute and Creation |url=https://archive.org/details/fromtransuranict0000krag|publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-319-75813-8|ref=harv}} ==參見== *[[Ubq]]–[[Ubh]] *[[IUPAC元素系統命名法]] *[[第8週期元素]] {{擴展元素週期表 | model=nefedov|number=173|no mark=yes}} [[Category:化学元素|8]] [[Category:第8周期元素]] [[Category:假想化学元素|125]]
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