查看“︁ISO公制螺紋”︁的源代码

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|G1=長度單位
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'''ISO公制螺紋'''，是世界上最常用的通用型[[螺紋]]。<ref>[http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/ISO_TC_001__Screws_.pdf?nodeid=4938938&vernum=0 ISO/TC/ 1 Business Plan] {{Wayback|url=http://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/fetch/2000/2122/687806/ISO_TC_001__Screws_.pdf?nodeid=4938938&vernum=0 |date=20070328020608 }}, 2007-03-05, Version 1.3. Table 3: The market share of each screw thread, p. 7.</ref> 

公制螺釘的“M”標記表示螺釘的標稱外徑（毫米）（例如，M6螺釘的公稱外徑為6[[毫米]]）。

== 基本配置文件 ==
[[File:ISO and UTS Thread Dimensions.svg|thumb|right|400px|所有ISO公制螺紋的基本輪廓]]

ISO 通用公制螺紋（“M”系列螺紋）的設計原則在國際標準ISO 68-1中定義。<ref>{{cite book
 | title=ISO 68-1:1998 ISO general purpose screw threads – Basic profile – Part 1: Metric screw threads
 | publisher=International Organization for Standardization
 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=3707
 | access-date=2017-12-01
 | archive-date=2016-03-03
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221802/http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=3707
 | dead-url=no
 }}</ref> 
每個螺紋的特徵在於其[[螺紋]], ''D''（圖中''D''<sub>maj</sub>），和它的節距, ''P''。ISO公制螺紋由對稱的V形螺紋組成。在螺紋軸的平面內，V的側面相互成60°的角度。螺紋深度為0.614×螺距。V形的高度“H”的最外部的{{frac|1|8}}和最內部的{{frac|1|4}}從輪廓上被切掉。

高度之間的關係 ''H''和節距 ''P'' 在下面的公式中找到 <math>\theta</math> 是線的夾角的一半，在這種情況下是30度：<ref>{{harvnb|Oberg|Jones|Horton|Ryffel|2000|p=1706}}.</ref>

:<math>H  = \frac {1}{2\tan\theta} \cdot P = \frac {\sqrt 3}{2}\cdot P \approx 0.866 \cdot P</math> 

或

:<math>P  = 2\tan\theta\cdot H = \frac{2}{\sqrt 3} \cdot H \approx 1.155 \cdot H</math>

在外部螺紋（例如，在一個螺栓上），大徑 ''D''<sub>maj</sub> 和小直徑 ''D''<sub>min</sub> 定義線程的“最大”尺寸。 這意味著外部線程必須在 ''D''<sub>maj</sub>，但可以在小直徑以下取整 ''D''<sub>min</sub>. 相反，在內部螺紋（例如螺母），主要和次要的直徑是“最小的”維度，因此螺紋外形必須平終止在 ''D''<sub>min</sub> 但可能會超越 ''D''<sub>maj</sub>.

小直徑 ''D''<sub>min</sub> 和有效的節圓直徑 ''D''<sub>p</sub> 從大直徑和間距如衍生

:<math>\begin{align}
  D_\text{min} &= D_\text{maj} - 2\cdot\frac58\cdot H = D_\text{maj} - \frac{ 5 {\sqrt 3}}{8}\cdot P \approx D_\text{maj} - 1.082532 \cdot P \\
    D_\text{p} &= D_\text{maj} - 2\cdot\frac38\cdot H = D_\text{maj} - \frac{ 3 {\sqrt 3}}{8}\cdot P \approx D_\text{maj} - 0.649519 \cdot P
\end{align}</math>

== 指定 ==
公制ISO螺紋由字母M表示，後面是標稱直徑“D”的值(''D''<sub>maj</sub> in the diagram above)和間距“P”，均以毫米表示，並且由乘號“×”（例如 M8×1.25）分隔開。如果間距是在ISO 261或ISO 262中列出的通常使用的“粗”間距，則可以省略（例如 M8 ）。例如，如果僅給出M20，那麼它是粗牙螺紋。


外部螺紋用小寫字母“g”或“h”表示。 內部螺紋用大寫字母“G”或“H”表示。

== 首選尺寸 ==
“ISO 261”規定了ISO米製螺紋的外徑“D”和螺距“P”的優選組合的詳細列表。
<ref>{{cite book
 | title=ISO 261:1998 ISO general purpose metric screw threads – General plan
 | publisher=International Organization for Standardization
 | date=17 Dec 1998
 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=4165
 | access-date=2017-12-01
 | archive-date=2016-11-09
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109025829/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=4165
 | dead-url=no
 }}</ref>

'''ISO 262'''指定了一個較短的線程維度列表--ISO 261的一個子集。<ref>{{cite book
 | title=ISO 262:1998 ISO general purpose metric screw threads – Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts
 | publisher=International Organization for Standardization
 | date=17 Dec 1998
 | url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=4167
 | access-date=2017-12-01
 | archive-date=2016-11-09
 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109030132/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=4167
 | dead-url=no
 }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" border="1" align="left"
|+ 選用螺釘，螺栓和螺母的尺寸為ISO 262

! rowspan=2 | 直徑<br />''D'' (mm)
! colspan=2 | 牙距<br />''P'' (mm) 
| rowspan="21" scope="col" style="width:2em; background:none; border-top:0px; border-bottom:0px;" |
! rowspan=2 | 直徑<br />''D'' (mm)
! colspan=2 | 牙距<br />''P'' (mm)
|-
! 粗牙 !! 细牙
! 粗牙 !! 细牙

|-
| 1 ||0 .25|| 0.2 || 16 || 2 || 1.5
|-
| 1.2 || 0.25|| 0.2 || 18 || 2.5 || 2 or 1.5
|-
| 1.4 || 0.3 || 0.2 || 20 || 2.5 || 2 or 1.5
|-
| 1.6 || 0.35|| 0.2 || 22 || 2.5 || 2 or 1.5
|-
| 1.8 || 0.35 || 0.2 ||24 || 3 || 2
|-
| 2 || 0.4 || 0.25 || 27 || 3 || 2
|-
| 2.5 || 0.45|| 0.35 || 30 || 3.5 || 2
|-
| 3 || 0.5 || 0.35 || 33 || 3.5 || 2
|-
| 3.5 || 0.6 || 0.35 || 36 || 4 || 3
|-
| 4 || 0.7 || 0.5 || 39 || 4 || 3
|-
| 5 || 0.8 || 0.5 || 42 || 4.5 || 3
|-
| 6 || 1 || 0.75 || 45 || 4.5 || 3
|-
| 7 || 1 || 0.75 || 48 || 5 || 3
|-
| 8 || 1.25 || 1 or 0.75 || 52 || 5 || 4
|-
| 10 || 1.5 || 1.25 or 1 || 56 || 5.5 || 4
|-
| 12 || 1.75 || 1.5 or 1.25 || 60 || 5.5 || 4
|-
| 14 || 2 || 1.5 || 64 || 6 || 4
|}{{clear}}

==扳手尺寸==
以下是公制螺紋扳手的一些常用扳手尺寸。六角頭寬度（平面寬度，扳手尺寸）適用於DIN 934六角螺母和六角頭螺栓。 其他（通常較小）的尺寸可能由於重量和成本的降低而出現。

{| class=wikitable
!
! colspan="5" style="text-align: center;" | 扳手尺寸（mm）
|-
![[File:Unified Screw Threads.png|70x70px]] <br/>規格
! colspan=2 | [[File:Hex cap screw-no markings.svg|60x60px]] <br/>外六角螺絲
![[File:Socket head cap screw.png|140x50px]] <br/>內六角螺絲
![[File:Screw.PNG|60x60px]] [[File:Button head screw.png|60x60px]] <br/>圓頭螺絲 <br/>皿頭螺絲
![[File:Grub Screw.svg|60x60px]] <br/>止付螺絲
|-
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" | {{abbr|ISO|ISO 4014-1999}} !! scope="col" | {{abbr|DIN|DIN 934-1987}}
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |
! scope="col" |
|- align="center"
| M1
| -
| 2.5
| -
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M1.2
| -
| 3
| -
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M1.4
| -
| 3
| 1.25
| -
| 0.7
|- align="center"
| M1.6
| 3.2
| 3.2
| 1.5
| -
| 0.7
|- align="center"
| M2
| 4
| 4
| 1.5
| 1.25
| 0.9
|- align="center"
| M2.5
| 5
| 5
| 2
| 1.5
| 1.3
|- align="center"
| M3
| 5.5
| 5.5
| 2.5
| 2
| 1.5
|- align="center"
| M3.5
| 6
| 6
| -
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M4
| 7
| 7
| 3
| 2.5
| 2
|- align="center"
| M5
| 8
| 8
| 4
| 3
| 2.5
|- align="center"
| M6
| 10
| 10
| 5
| 4
| 3
|- align="center"
| M7
| 11
| 11
| -
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M8
| 13
| 13
| 6
| 5
| 4
|- align="center"
| M10
| '''16'''
| '''17'''
| 8
| 6
| 5
|- align="center"
| M12
| '''18'''
| '''19'''
| 10
| 8
| 6
|- align="center"
| M14
| '''21'''
| '''22'''
| 10
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M16
| 24
| 24
| 14
| 10
| 8
|- align="center"
| M18
| 27
| 27
| 14
| 12
| -
|- align="center"
| M20
| 30
| 30
| 17
| 12
| 10
|- align="center"
| M22
| '''34'''
| '''32'''
| 17
| 14
| -
|- align="center"
| M24
| 36
| 36
| 19
| 14
| 12
|- align="center"
| M27
| 41
| 41
| 19
| 17
| 14
|- align="center"
| M30
| 46
| 46
| 22
| 17
| 14
|- align="center"
| M33
| 50
| 50
| 24
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M36
| 55
| 55
| 27
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M39
| 60
| 60
| -
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M42
| 65
| 65
| 32
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M45
| 70
| 70
| -
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M48
| 75
| 75
| 36
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M52
| 80
| 80
| 36
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M56
| 85
| 85
| 41
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M60
| 90
| 90
| -
| -
| -
|- align="center"
| M64
| 95
| 95
| 46
| -
| -
|-
|}

== 標準 ==
=== 國際 ===
* ISO 68-1：ISO 通用螺紋 — 基本輪廓 - 公制螺紋。
* ISO 261：ISO 通用公制螺紋 — 總體計劃。
* ISO 262：ISO 通用公制螺紋 — 螺釘、螺栓和螺母的尺寸。
* ISO 965：ISO 通用公制螺紋 — 公差。<ref>[http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=5392] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_detail_ics.htm?csnumber=5392 |date=20160303224359 }} ISO 965 in the Catalogue on the Official ISO website</ref>
** ISO 965-1：原則和基本數據。
** ISO 965-2：通用外螺紋和內螺紋尺寸的限制。
** ISO 965-3：結構螺紋的偏差。
** ISO 965-4：熱浸鍍鋅外螺紋尺寸與內螺紋螺紋配合的限制。
** ISO 965-5：Limits of sizes for internal screw threads to mate with hot-dip galvanized external screw threads with maximum size of tolerance position h before galvanizing

=== 國家 ===
* BS 3643：ISO 公制螺紋
* [https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ASME+B4.2-1978+(R2009) ANSI/ASME B1.13M]{{Wayback|url=https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ASME+B4.2-1978+(R2009) |date=20171002215625 }}: [https://web.archive.org/web/20071231051947/http://catalog.asme.org/Codes/PrintBook/B113M_2005_Metric_Screw.cfm Metric Screw Threads: M Profile]
* [https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ASME+B4.2-1978+(R2009) ANSI/ASME B4.2-1978 (R2009)]{{Wayback|url=https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=ASME+B4.2-1978+(R2009) |date=20171002215625 }}: Preferred Metric Limits and Fits
* DIN 13-1

== 参见 ==
{{div col|2}}
* [[公差 (工程学)]]
* [[美國國家標準管螺紋]]
* [[螺紋]]
{{div col end}}

== 参考文献 ==
=== 引用 ===
{{Reflist|}}

=== 来源 ===
* {{Citation | last = Oberg | first = Erik | last2 = Jones | first2 = Franklin D. | last3 = Horton | first3 = Holbrook L. | last4 = Ryffel | first4 = Henry H. | title = [[Machinery's Handbook]] | place = New York | publisher = Industrial Press Inc. | year = 2000 | edition = 26th | isbn = 0-8311-2635-3 | postscript =.}}

== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.amesweb.info/Screws/IsoMetricScrewThread.aspx Metric screw thread dimensions and tolerances]{{Wayback|url=http://www.amesweb.info/Screws/IsoMetricScrewThread.aspx |date=20171209082522 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080918220556/http://www.efunda.com/designstandards/screws/screwm_coarse.cfm Metric coarse thread dimensions]
* [http://www.efunda.com/DesignStandards/screws/screwm_fine.cfm Metric fine thread dimensions]{{Wayback|url=http://www.efunda.com/DesignStandards/screws/screwm_fine.cfm |date=20171203152630 }}
* [http://www.metrication.com/engineering/threads.html Detailed metric thread dimensions]{{Wayback|url=http://www.metrication.com/engineering/threads.html |date=20160917115214 }}

{{ISO}}

[[分類:ISO標準]]
[[分類:螺絲]]
[[分類:金屬加工]]