查看“︁Dsp3杂化”︁的源代码

{{noteTA
|T=zh-hans:dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化; zh-hant:dsp<sup>3</sup>混成;
|1=zh-hans:轨道; zh-hant:軌域;
|2=zh-hans:杂化; zh-hant:混成;
|G1=Chemistry
}}
{{Infobox OH
| name = dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化
| element = 铁
| electron configuration = 
<math>
Fe^{*}\,[Ar]3d^8
\frac{\color{White}/}{(dsp^3)^5}
</math>
| s orbital = 1
| p orbital = 3
| d orbital = 1
| f orbital = 
| B = 
| C = 
| N = 
| O = 
| P = 
| S = 
| Fe = [[五羰基合铁|Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub>]]<ref>{{cite journal
 | author = George E. Kimball
 | title = Directed Valence
 | journal = Journal of Chemical physics
 | volume = 8
 | pages = 188-198
 | doi = 10.1063/1.1750628
 | url = http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdf&id=JCPSA6000008000002000188000001&idtype=cvips&doi=10.1063/1.1750628&prog=normal
 | language = en |date=Feb 1940}}</ref>
| Co = 
| Ni = 
| Cu = [CuCl<sub>5</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
| Pd = 
| Pt = 
| other = [CdCl<sub>5</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>、[HgCl<sub>5</sub>]<sup>3-</sup>
}}
'''dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化'''（{{lang-en|dsp<sup>3</sup> hybridization}}）是指一个[[原子]]内的一个''n-1''[[d轨道]]、一个''n''[[s轨道]]和三个''n''[[p轨道]]发生[[轨道杂化|杂化]]的过程。原子发生dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化后，上述''n-1''d轨道、''n''s轨道和''n''p轨道便会转化成为五个[[杂化轨道]]，称为“[[dsp3杂化轨道|dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化轨道]]”。五个dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化轨道分别存在于两个[[平面 (数学)|平面]]上，其中，位于水平面的三个杂化两两之间的[[夹角]]皆为120[[度|°]]，另有两个杂化轨道位于轴向平面、对称地分布于水平平面两侧。一般认为dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化的水平杂化轨道是由p<sub>''x''</sub>、p<sub>''y''</sub>和s轨道组成的，而轴向杂化轨道则同样由d<sub>''z²''</sub>和p<sub>''z''</sub>组成。因为dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化轨道与[[d3sp杂化轨道|d<sup>3</sup>sp杂化轨道]]相似，两者常被等同看待。<ref>{{cite book
 | author = Kunju, A Salahuddin
 | title = Group Theory And Its Applications In Chemistry
 | publisher = Prentice Hall of India
 | pages = 68
 | ISBN = 978-8-120-34032-9
 | url = http://books.google.com.hk/books?id=SlKEWX3gRXEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=zh-CN#v=onepage&q&f=false
 | language = en
 | access-date = 2012-01-30
 | archive-date = 2016-03-07
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160307081933/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=SlKEWX3gRXEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=zh-CN#v=onepage&q&f=false
 | dead-url = no
 }}</ref>但dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化轨道的能量比较高，因此较不稳定。所以dsp<sup>3</sup>杂化可以转变为[[d3sp杂化|d<sup>3</sup>sp杂化]]。<ref>{{cite journal
 | author = Jürgen Hinze and H.H. Jaffè
 | title = Orbital Electronegativities and Electron Affinities of Transition Metals
 | journal = Canadian Journal of Chemistry
 | volume = 41
 | pages = 1315-1328
 | date = 1963
 | url = http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/v63-183
 | language = en
 | access-date = 2012-01-30
 | archive-date = 2019-06-19
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190619171631/https://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/pdf/10.1139/v63-183
 | dead-url = no
 }}</ref>

== 参考文献 ==
{{reflist}}

{{軌域}}

[[category:轨道杂化]]
[[Category:軌域]]