查看“︁Boudouard反应”︁的源代码

'''Boudouard反应'''（Boudouard reaction），又称'''碳素溶解损失反应'''、'''碳的溶损反应'''或'''气化反应'''

[[一氧化碳]]在高温下[[歧化]]为[[二氧化碳]]和[[单质]][[碳]]的[[化学反应|反应]]或其[[逆反应]]。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/files/Boudouard%20Reaction.xls |title=Bioenergylist.org - Boudouard Reaction spreadsheet |accessdate=2009-10-04 |archive-date=2012-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120222115049/http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org/files/Boudouard%20Reaction.xls |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

<div align="center"><math>\rm \ 2CO \rightleftharpoons CO_2+C</math></div>

[[File:DeltaH for Boudouard Reaction by Temperature.png|thumb|在各种温度下的Boudouard反应的标准焓]]

这是一个[[平衡反应]]，平衡气相成分与[[温度]]与[[压强]]有关。反应向右时放出热量并析出[[煤煙]]，称析碳反应或碳素沉积反应。生成的碳可能沉积在[[催化剂]]上使之失活，成为化学工业中不希望发生的副反应。

在所有温度下，形成二氧化碳和碳得Boudouard反应都是[[放热过程]]。然而，随着温度的升高Boudouard反应的标准焓负数变少，<ref name="ReacWeb">{{Cite web |url=http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/reacweb.htm |title=Reaction Web |accessdate=2014-01-31 |archive-date=2013-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002120139/http://www.crct.polymtl.ca/reacweb.htm |dead-url=no }}</ref> 如侧图所示。

这个反应的命名是以法国化学家Octave Boudouard（1872年-1923年）在1905年研究这种平衡后而命名。<ref name="InorganicChem">{{cite book | last1 = Holleman | first1 = Arnold F. | last2 = Wiber | first2 = Egon | last3 = Wiberg | first3 = Nils | title = Inorganic Chemistry | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=vEwj1WZKThEC&pg=PA810 | accessdate = 12 July 2013 | year = 2001 | publisher = Academic Press | isbn = 978-0-12-352651-9 | page = 810 | archive-date = 2014-06-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140627070559/http://books.google.com/books?id=vEwj1WZKThEC&pg=PA810 | dead-url = no }}</ref>

==应用==
尽管[[一氧化碳]]对催化剂的破坏性效果是不希望的，此反应已经被用于制备[[石墨]]薄片，细丝状石墨和薄层石墨微晶，以及[[碳纳米管]]的制造。<ref name="Graphite1">{{cite journal | last = Baird | first = T. | last2 = Fryer | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Grant | first3 = B. | year = Oct 1974 | title = Carbon | contribution = Carbon formation on iron and nickel foils by hydrocarbon pyrolysis—reactions at 700°C | volume = 12 | pages = 591–602 | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0008622374900608 | doi = 10.1016/0008-6223(74)90060-8 | journal =  | access-date = 2014-01-31 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924124140/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0008622374900608 | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name="Graphite2">{{cite journal | last = Trimm | first = D. L. | year = 1977 | title = Catalysis Reviews: Science and Engineering | contribution = The formation and removal of coke from nickel catalyst | volume = 16 | pages = 155–189 | url = http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03602457708079636#.UeRDyI2PMm0 | doi = 10.1080/03602457708079636 | journal =  | access-date = 2014-01-31 | archive-date = 2019-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190924173838/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03602457708079636#.UeRDyI2PMm0 | dead-url = no }}</ref><ref name="CNT1">{{cite journal | last = Dal | first = H. J. | last2 = Rinzler | first2 = A. G. | last3 = Nikolaev | first3 = P. | last4 = Thess | first4 = A. | last5 = Colbert | first5 = D. T. | last6 = Smalley | first6 = R. E. | year = 1996 | title = Chem. Phys. Lett. | contribution = Single-wall nanotubes produced by metal-catalyzed disproportionation of carbon monoxide | volume = 260 | pages = 471–475 }}</ref><ref name="CNT2">{{cite journal | last = Chen | first = P. | last2 = Zhang | first2 = H. B. | last3 = Lin | first3 = G. D. | last4 = Hong | first4 = Q. | last5 = Tsai | first5 = K. R. | year = 1997 | title = Carbon | contribution = Growth of carbon nanotubes by catalytic decomposition of CH<sub>4</sub> or CO on a Ni-MgO catalyst | volume = 35 | pages = 1495–1501 | url = http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622397001000 | doi = 10.1016/S0008-6223(97)00100-0 | journal =  | access-date = 2014-01-31 | archive-date = 2015-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924151704/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0008622397001000 | dead-url = no }}</ref>在石墨的生产中，使用的催化剂是[[钼]]，[[镁]]，[[镍]]，[[铁]]和[[钴]]，<ref name="Graphite1"/><ref name="Graphite2"/>而在碳纳米管的生产中，使用的催化剂是[[钼]]，[[镍]]，[[钴]]，[[铁]]和Ni-MgO。<ref name="CNT1"/><ref name="CNT2"/>

Boudouard反应是[[高炉]]内的一个重要过程。由于固体间化学反应速度非常慢，铁矿石（氧化铁）是被一氧化碳还原，而不是通过与焦炭直接反应被还原的。还原氧化铁生成的二氧化碳通过与焦炭接触，发生Boudouard逆反应，进而生成一氧化碳。

== 参考资料 ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:化学工业]]
[[Category:碳]]
[[Category:人名反应]]