查看“︁4-硝基氯苯”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477223140
| NameEn = 4-nitrochlorobenzene
| ImageFileL1 = 4-chloronitrobenzene.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 145
| ImageAltL1 = Skeletal formula of 4-nitrochlorobenzene
| ImageFileR1 = 4-Nitrochlorobenzene-3D-balls.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 105
| ImageAltR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the 4-nitrochlorobenzene molecule
| PIN = 1-Chloro-4-nitrobenzene
| OtherNames = ''p''-硝基氯苯<BR>对硝基氯苯<BR>4-氯硝基苯<BR>对氯硝基苯<BR>PNCBO
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 100-00-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = CVL66U249D
| PubChem = 7474
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 21106020
| SMILES = C1=CC(=CC=C1[N+](=O)[O-])Cl
| InChI = 1/C6H4ClNO2/c7-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)8(9)10/h1-4H
| InChIKey = CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYAO
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H4ClNO2/c7-5-1-3-6(4-2-5)8(9)10/h1-4H
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CZGCEKJOLUNIFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| RTECS =
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}}
| KEGG = C14456
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=6 | H=4 | O=2 | N=1 | Cl=1
| Appearance = 浅黄色固体
| Odor = 甜<ref name=PGCH/>
| Density = 1.52 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)   
| Solubility = 不溶
| SolubleOther = 可溶于甲苯、乙醚、丙酮、热乙醇
| MeltingPtC = 83.6
| BoilingPtC = 242.0
| pKa = 
| Viscosity = 
| Dipole = 
| RefractIndex = 
| VaporPressure = 0.2 mmHg (30°C)<ref name=PGCH/>
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/CH/4-chloronitrobenzene.html External MSDS] 
| MainHazards =
| RPhrases = 
| SPhrases = 
| NFPA-H = 
| NFPA-F = 
| NFPA-R = 
| AutoignitionPtC = 
| FlashPtC = 12
| LD50 = 812 mg/kg (rat, oral)<br/>1414 mg/kg (mouse, oral)<br/>440 mg/kg (mouse, oral)<br/>420 mg/kg (rat, oral)<ref name=PGCH/>
| PEL = TWA 1 mg/m<sup>3</sup> [skin]<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0452}}</ref>
| IDLH = Ca [100 mg/m<sup>3</sup>]<ref name=PGCH/>
| LC50 = 164 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (cat, 7 hr)<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = Ca<ref name=PGCH/>
  }}
}}

'''4-硝基氯苯'''是一种[[有机化合物]]，化学式为ClC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>。

==制备==
4-硝基氯苯在工业上由[[氯苯]]的硝化反应制备。<ref name=Ullmann>Gerald Booth "Nitro Compounds, Aromatic" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH: Weinheim, 2005. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_411</ref>

<math> \mathrm{ClC_6H_5 + HNO_3 \rightarrow ClC_6H_4NO_2 + H_2O} </math>

反应除了4位的化合物外，还会生成2位的异构体（2位：4位＝1：2）。异构体可以通过[[蒸馏]]分离。{{cn}}4-硝基氯苯最初由Holleman等人通过对[[4-氯溴苯]]的硝化制备。<ref>"The nitration of mixed dihalogen benzenes" Recueil des Travaux Chimiques des Pays-Bas et de la Belgique. Amsterdam, 1915; pp. 204-235.</ref>

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:对氯苯基化合物]]
[[category:硝基苯]]
[[category:1910年代发现的物质]]