查看“︁2-氯乙醇”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Name = 2-氯乙醇
| NameEn = 2-Chloroethanol
| ImageFile = 2-chloroethanol-skeletal-nu.png
| ImageFile1 = 2-chloroethanol-3D-balls.png
| IUPACName = 2-Chloroethanol
| OtherNames = β-氯乙醇
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 107-07-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 34
| ChemSpiderID = 21106015
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII = 753N66IHAN
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| EINECS = 203-459-7
| UNNumber = 1135
| KEGG = C06753
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| MeSHName = Ethylene+Chlorohydrin
| ChEBI = 28200
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 191244
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| RTECS = KK0875000
| Beilstein = 878139
| Gmelin = 25389
| 3DMet = B01042
| SMILES = OCCCl
| StdInChI = 1S/C2H5ClO/c3-1-2-4/h4H,1-2H2
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = SZIFAVKTNFCBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>ClO
|   MolarMass = 80.52
|   Appearance = 无色[[醚]]味液体
|   Density = 1.197 g/cm³
|   MeltingPt = -67&nbsp;°C
|   BoilingPt = 128-130&nbsp;°C
|   VaporPressure = 720 Pa
|   Solubility = 混溶
|   RefractIndex = 1.4419 (20&nbsp;°C)<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Da090 氯乙醇，页492</ref>
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   EUClass = 剧毒 ('''T+''')
|   RPhrases = {{R26/27/28}}
|   SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S7}}, {{S9}}, {{S28}}, {{S45}}
|   FlashPt = 57.2&nbsp;°C(闭杯)<ref name="zghg" />
|   LD50 = 71 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> (大鼠经口)<ref>[http://www-organik.chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de/misc/betr_ein/uw-c389.html Universität Würzburg: ''Betriebsanweisung 2-Chlorethanol'', abgerufen am 6. Juli 2007] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930163747/http://www-organik.chemie.uni-wuerzburg.de/misc/betr_ein/uw-c389.html |date=2007-09-30 }}</ref>
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherCpds = [[2-氟乙醇]]
  }}
}}

'''2-氯乙醇'''，结构式ClCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH。它是[[1,2-二氯乙烷]]的代谢产物，在人体中会继续被氧化成[[氯乙醛]]和[[氯乙酸]]盐。<ref>{{cite journal | last1 = Janssen | first1 = D. B. | last2 = van der Ploeg | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Pries | first3 = F. | year = 1994 | title = Genetics and Biochemistry of 1,2-Dichloroethane Degradation | url = https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/14528144/1994BiodegradJanssen.pdf | journal = Biodegradation | volume = 5 | issue = 3–4 | pages = 249–57 | doi = 10.1007/BF00696463 | pmid = 7765836 | s2cid = 475768 | access-date = 2023-02-11 | archive-date = 2021-09-22 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210922161700/https://pure.rug.nl/ws/files/14528144/1994BiodegradJanssen.pdf | dead-url = no }}</ref>

== 性质 ==
无色透明液体，可与水和[[乙醇]]以任意比例混溶。有毒，在体内水解产生[[氯化氢]]。经皮肤吸收或吸入高浓度蒸气时，可引起头痛、呕吐、震颤、腹泻、体温降低、四肢麻痹、心区疼痛，严重时可致死。

* 粘度：3.43 mPa·s (20&nbsp;°C)
* 表面张力：38.9 mN/m
代謝產物氯乙醛(Chloracetaldehyde)在人體內會抑制三羧酸循环(Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle) ，氯乙醇(Ethylene Chlorohydrin)可經由口服、吸入及皮膚接觸而致毒，口服最小致死劑量

== 制备 ==
由[[乙烯]]与[[氯水]]中的[[次氯酸]][[加成]]，再经中和、蒸馏而得。
:<math>\ C_2H_4+HClO\rightarrow ClCH_2CH_2OH</math>

== 用途 ==
氯乙醇是重要的有机合成原料，用于合成[[环氧乙烷]]、[[乙醇胺]]、[[乙二醇]]，药物[[磷酸哌嗪]]、[[普鲁卡因]]、[[呋喃唑酮]]，[[芥子气]]，[[农药1059]]以及[[聚硫橡胶]]等。也用作有机溶剂。氯乙醇也用作[[馬鈴薯]]及[[葡萄]]的[[催芽劑]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://udn.com/NEWS/NATIONAL/NATS5/6541589.shtml|title=葡萄催芽劑 兩滴封喉|publisher=聯合晚報|date=2011-08-22|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120719115637/http://udn.com/NEWS/NATIONAL/NATS5/6541589.shtml|archivedate=2012-07-19|accessdate=2011-08-22}}</ref>。

氯乙醇(Ethylene Chlorohydrin)又稱2-Chloro-Ethanol, Glycol Chlorohydrin, Chloroethylowy, β-Chloroethyl Alchohol及葡萄催芽劑No.1等，是Ethylene Oxide蒸發後的副產品，常使用在工業中作為溶劑、潤滑劑等，在農家平日的使用中，卻偶然的發現可促進及提早馬鈴薯及葡萄的發芽，缺點是毒性大、易引起中毒，不是合法的農藥。

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

Deng JF, Yang CC, Tsai WJ, Ger J, Wu ML. Acute ethylene chlorohydrin poisoning: experience of a poison control center. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol

==外部連結==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090502181429/http://www.pcc.vghtpe.gov.tw/DocsImg/50105.htm 氯乙醇(Ethylene Chlorohydrin)—葡萄催芽劑的急性中毒]

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[[Category:伯醇]]
[[Category:氯乙基化合物]]
[[Category:二碳有机物]]