查看“︁1,3-二氯-2-丙醇”︁的源代码

{{chemref|time=2012-12-04T01:47:13+00:00}}
{{Chembox
<!-- Images -->
| ImageFile = 1,3-Dichloropropan-2-ol.svg
| ImageSize = 150px
| ImageAlt =
<!-- Names -->
| IUPACName = 1,3-Dichloropropan-2-ol
| OtherNames =1,3-Dichloropropanol; 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol; 1,3-Dichloroisopropanol; Glycerol-α,γ-dichlorohydrin; α-Dichlorohydrin; 1,3-DCP; DC2P
<!-- Sections -->
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo =  96-23-1 
| PubChem = 7289
| EC_number = 202-491-9
| RTECS = UB1400000
| UNNumber = 2750
| ChEBI = 18917
| ChEMBL = 468581
| KEGG = C14399
| ChemSpiderID = 21106535
| SMILES = C(C(CCl)O)Cl
| UNII = 0F4P2VQC07
| InChI=1S/C3H6Cl2O/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3,6H,1-2H2
| InChIKey=DEWLEGDTCGBNGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| C=3|H=6|Cl=2|O=1
| Appearance = 无色液体<ref name=GESTIS>{{GESTIS|ZVG=32050}}</ref>
| Odor = 酚味<ref name=GESTIS/>
| Density = 1.39 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)<ref name=GESTIS/>
| MeltingPtC = -4
| MeltingPt_ref = <ref name=GESTIS/>
| BoilingPtC = 175
| BoilingPt_ref = <ref name=GESTIS/>
| Solubility = 110 g/L (20 °C)<ref name=GESTIS/>
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPtC = 74
| FlashPt_ref = <ref name=GESTIS/>
| AutoignitionPt =
| LD50 = 110 mg/kg (oral, rat)<ref name=GESTIS/><br>1080 mg/kg (dermal, rabbit)<ref name=GESTIS/>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}}
| GHSSignalWord = 危险
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|301|301|311|312|336|350|370|373}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|260|261|264|270|271|280|281|301+310|302+352|304+340|307+311|308+313|312|314|321|322|330|361|363|403+233|405|501}}
  }}
}}
'''1,3-二氯-2-丙醇'''（1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol），简写'''1,3-DCP'''，分子式C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>O。

==性质==
有[[醚]]臭的液体。溶于约10倍的水，混溶于[[乙醇]]、[[乙醚]]。相对密度1.3506（17°C）。熔点&minus;4°C，沸点174.3°C。折射率（<math>\ n_D^{17}</math>）1.4802。有毒，具比[[一氯丙醇]]更强的麻醉作用，可损害心脏和神经系统。

==制备==
[[冰醋酸]]存在下，[[甘油]]於100～110°C与[[氯化氢]]进行[[氯化]]反应，得到1,3-二氯-2-丙醇。<ref name="Boehringer">{{Patent|Land = DE|V-Nr =197308 |Code= |Titel =Verfahren zur Darstellung von Mono- und Dichlorhydrin aus Glycerin und gasförmiger Salzsäure |V-Datum =1908-4-16 |A-Datum =1906-11-20 |Erfinder = | Anmelder =C.F. Boehringer & Söhne | DB =}}</ref>反应后用碱中和以除过量盐酸，静置，得到成品。
:<math>\ HOCH_2CH(OH)CH_2OH+2HCl\rightarrow ClCH_2CH(OH)CH_2Cl+2H_2O</math>

以前也会用[[甘油]]和[[二氯化二硫]]反应形成1,3-二氯-2-丙醇，产率62%<ref>{{Literatur |Autor=A. Claus |Titel=IV. Ueber die Darstellung des Dichlorhydrins |Sammelwerk=[[Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem.]] |Band=168 |Nummer=1 |Datum=1873 |Seiten=44–44 |DOI=10.1002/jlac.18731680105}}</ref>。

[[File:Synthese von 1,3-DCP mit S2Cl2.svg|550px|zentriert|用甘油和二氯化二硫制备1,3-二氯-2-丙醇]]

不过由于 S<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> 不稳定的性质，现在已不使用此方法。

==用途==
用于生产硝基清漆、感光材料，也用作[[硝酸纤维素]]和硬质树脂的溶剂，以及水溶性颜料的粘合剂。它也可以用来合成[[环氧氯丙烷]]<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK373196/ | work = Some Chemicals Present in Industrial and Consumer Products, Food and Drinking-Water | title = 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/es903383a|pmid=20163179|title=Identifying New Persistent and Bioaccumulative Organics Among Chemicals in Commerce|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=44|issue=7|pages=2277–2285|year=2010|last1=Howard|first1=Philip H.|last2=Muir|first2=Derek C. G.|bibcode=2010EnST...44.2277H}}</ref>。

==参见==
*[[氯丙醇]]
*[[3-氯-1,2-丙二醇]]

==参考文献==
{{reflist}}


[[Category:三碳有机物]]
[[Category:有机氯化合物]]
[[Category:仲醇]]
[[Category:卤代烃类溶剂]]
[[Category:醇类溶剂]]