查看“︁高氯酸氟”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFileL1 = fluorine-perchlorate-2D.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 130px
| ImageNameL1 = 高氯酸氟的结构式
| ImageFileR1 = Fluorine-perchlorate-3D-balls.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 110px
| ImageNameR1 = 高氯酸氟的球棒模型
| IUPACName = 
| OtherNames = Fluorine perchlorate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 10049-03-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  PubChem  = 13022374
|  SMILES  =  FOCl(=O)(=O)=O 
|  UNII_Ref  = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
|  UNII  =   M5BON9S68S
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
|  ChemSpiderID  =  10326178
|   InChI  =  1/ClFO4/c2-6-1(3,4)5
|   InChIKey  =  DRFVFUCINMEBEQ-UHFFFAOYAO
|   StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
|  StdInChI  =  1S/ClFO4/c2-6-1(3,4)5
|   StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
|  StdInChIKey  =  DRFVFUCINMEBEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|F=1|Cl=1|O=4
| Appearance = 无色气体<ref name="brauer" />
| Density = 
| MeltingPt = -167.3 °C<ref name="brauer" />
| BoilingPt = -15.9 °C<ref name="brauer" />
| Solubility = }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = 9 kcal/mol<ref>Breazeale, J. D.; MacLaren, R. O.. ''Thermochemistry of oxygen-fluorine bonding'', United Technology Center, Sunnyvale, CA, 1963. Accession Number: AD0402889. Retrieved online from [http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0402889] on 2009-05-21.</ref>}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = 易爆气体
| FlashPt = 
| Autoignition = }}
}}

'''高氯酸氟'''是很少见的含有[[氯]]、[[氧]]元素的氟[[化合物]]，分子式为FOClO<sub>3</sub>或FClO<sub>4</sub>。它是极不稳定容易爆炸的气体，<ref>{{cite book | last=Patnaik | first=Pradyot | title=A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances | publisher=John Wiley | publication-place=Hoboken, NJ | date=2007 | isbn=978-0-470-13494-8 | oclc=264703223}}</ref>具有刺激性气味。<ref>{{cite book | last=Lewis | first=Robert A. | title=Lewisʼ dictionary of toxicology | url=https://archive.org/details/lewisdictionaryo0000lewi | publisher=Lewis Publishers | publication-place=Boca Raton, Fla. | date=1996 | isbn=1-56670-223-2 | oclc=35269968|page=[https://archive.org/details/lewisdictionaryo0000lewi/page/n519 508]}}</ref>

== 制备 ==
可由[[氟]]与[[高氯酸]]反应<ref>{{cite journal | last=Rohrback | first=Gilson H. | last2=Cady | first2=George H. | title=The Preparation of Fluorine Perchlorate from Fluorine and Perchloric Acid | journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=69 | issue=3 | year=1947 | issn=0002-7863 | doi=10.1021/ja01195a063 | pages=677–678}}</ref>或[[五氟化氯|ClF<sub>5</sub>]]与水作用制得。{{cn}}

:<math>\rm \ F_2 + HClO_4 \rightarrow FClO_4 + HF</math>
:<math>\rm \ ClF_5 +4 H_2O \rightarrow FClO_4 +4 HF +2 H_2</math>

它也可由高氯酸[[四氟铵]]盐（{{chem|NF|4|ClO|4}}）热分解制得，反应产生较纯的{{chem|FClO|4}}，可进一步处理和冷冻而不发生爆炸。<ref>{{Cite journal| first1 = C. J.| first2 = K. O.| title = Reactions of fluorine perchlorate with fluorocarbons and the polarity of the oxygen-fluorine bond in covalent hypofluorites| journal = Inorganic Chemistry| volume = 18| issue = 9| last1 = Schack| pages = 2619–2620| year = 1979| doi = 10.1021/ic50199a056| last2 =    Christe}}</ref>
:<math>\rm \ NF_4ClO_4 \xrightarrow{\Delta} NF_3 + FClO_4</math>

== 结构 ==
高氯酸氟与高氯酸盐不太类似，因为氟并不是以阳离子形式存在的。其中包含了很少见的[[氧化态]]为0的氧原子，因为氧的[[电负性]]高于[[氯]]但低于[[氟]]。

== 安全 ==
FClO<sub>4</sub>能发生许多危险且不可预知的反应, 是一种共价高氯酸盐（氯的[[氧化态]]为+7），并有一个十分敏感的O-F单键。少量的[[还原剂]]例如[[有机物]]就能使其爆炸。这些反应可以产生卤氧化物、[[卤素互化物]]以及其他有害物质。

如果反应物不慎混合，发生意外是很有可能的。像共价[[氟化物]]和[[高氯酸盐]]一样，处理它需要特别小心。

高氯酸氟会刺激呼吸系统，造成长时间的呼吸困难。<ref name="brauer">{{cite book | author=hrsg. von Georg Brauer. Unter Mitarb. von M. Baudler | title=Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie / 1. | publisher=Enke | publication-place=Stuttgart | date=1975 | isbn=3-432-02328-6 | oclc=310719485 | language=de |page=180}}</ref>

== 性质 ==
高氯酸氟具有强氧化性，例如与[[碘]]离子反应：
:FOClO<sub>3</sub> + 2I<sup>-</sup> → ClO<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> + F<sup>-</sup> + I<sub>2</sub>

高氯酸氟也能与全氟代[[烯烃]]发生加成反应（需在-45℃进行）：
:CF<sub>2</sub>=CF<sub>2</sub> + FOClO<sub>3</sub> → CF<sub>3</sub>CF<sub>2</sub>OClO<sub>3</sub><ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>

对于不对称烯烃，产物是[[混合物]]（因为O-F键的极性很小），主要是不符合[[马氏规则]]的，过去称为“{{link-en|亲电氟化|Electrophilic fluorination}}”，即其中[[氟]]原子显微弱的正电性，现在认为可能是因为这是一个[[自由基]][[加成反应]]。<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ic50199a056|title=Reactions of fluorine perchlorate with fluorocarbons and the polarity of the oxygen-fluorine bond in covalent hypofluorites|year=1979|last1=Schack|first1=Carl J.|last2=Christe|first2=Karl O.|journal=Inorganic Chemistry|volume=18|issue=9|pages=2619}}</ref>

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{无机氯化合物}}
{{高氯酸盐}}

[[Category:高氯酸盐]]
[[Category:次氟酸盐]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]