查看“︁馬達堵轉測試”︁的源代码

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'''馬達堵{{zy|轉|zhuàn|ㄓㄨㄢˋ|zyun3}}測試'''（{{lang-en|blocked rotor test}}）又稱'''短路測試'''（short circuit test）、'''{{zy|轉|zhuàn|ㄓㄨㄢˋ|zyun3}}子鎖定測試'''（locked rotor test）或'''失速轉矩測試'''（stalled torque test）<ref name="#1">{{cite web|url =http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|title =Motor testing methods|publisher =Electronic Systems of Wisconsin, Inc.|deadurl =yes|archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20121231225205/http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php|archivedate =2012-12-31|df =}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.eswtesters.com/motor_testing_methods.php |date=20121231225205 }}</ref>，是[[感應馬達]]的測試，可以找出[[額定電壓]]下的[[短路]]電流、短路時的[[功率因素]]、馬達的[[漏電感]]（漏感抗）以及啟動[[轉矩]]等資訊<ref name="#2">{{cite web|url =http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=916&cnt=1712|title =Blocked rotor test|publisher =Sakshat virtual labs|access-date =2018-02-11|archive-date =2020-08-10|archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20200810235939/http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=916&cnt=1712|dead-url =no}} {{Wayback|url=http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?sub=61&brch=168&sim=916&cnt=1712 |date=20200810235939 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=de Swardt|first=Henk|url=http://www.mandc.co.za/pdfs/Locked_rotor_test_explained.pdf|title=The Locked rotor test explained|publisher=Marthinusen & Coutts (Pty.) Ltd|journal=|access-date=2018-02-11|archive-date=2011-05-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516004026/http://www.mandc.co.za/pdfs/Locked_rotor_test_explained.pdf|dead-url=yes}} {{Wayback|url=http://www.mandc.co.za/pdfs/Locked_rotor_test_explained.pdf |date=20110516004026 }}</ref>；此測試會在低電壓時進行，因為若輸入電壓為額定電壓，通過[[定子]][[繞組]]的電流會很大，會使繞組過熱造成損壞<ref name="#1"/>。

對於[[繞線轉子馬達|繞線式感應馬達]]，因其啟動轉矩可以依需要調整，不會進行堵轉轉子的轉矩測試；而對於[[鼠笼式电动机|鼠籠式感應馬達]]，會進行堵轉轉子的電流測試<ref>{{cite book|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=V1pepm-1m-cC&pg=PA263&dq=Locked+rotor+test&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_vDqT7-NMoizrAfE1uTVBQ&ved=0CFwQuwUwBw#v=onepage&q=Locked%20rotor%20test&f=false|title =Industrial Power Engineering and Applications Handbook|publisher =Newnes}}</ref>。

==測試方式==
在馬達堵轉測試時，會將[[转子]]固定不動<ref name="#2"/>。會用低的交流電壓加到定子繞組端子上，使定子繞組的電流為額定滿載電流，此時量測電流、電壓以及輸入的功率。在轉子靜止時，其[[滑差]]（slip）<math> s = 1 </math><ref>{{cite book|last =B.L. Theraja|first=A.K. Theraja| title = Electrical Technology volume 2|publisher= S. Chand|edition=Twenty third revised multicolour|year=2010|page=1317|isbn=81-219-2437-5}}</ref>。IEEE建議輸入電壓的頻率為額定頻率的1/4，因為轉子的等效電阻在低頻下的值和高頻可能不同<ref>{{cite web|last =Knight|first =Dr Andy|url =http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~knight/electrical_machines/induction/parameters/params.html|title =Electrical Machines|publisher =Department of Electrical and Computer engineering, University of Alberta|deadurl =yes|archiveurl =https://archive.today/20121129213048/http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~knight/electrical_machines/induction/parameters/params.html|archivedate =2012-11-29|df =}} {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20121129213048/http://www.ece.ualberta.ca/~knight/electrical_machines/induction/parameters/params.html |date=2012-11-29 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Pitis|first=CD|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dqMYx9A7SR8J:www.eepublishers.co.za/images/upload/femco%2520squirrel.doc+&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg5Rz7fWQUOsorcMSEdx-w1qmBvd52ATrYU2Txc0O4MlIJOxcGYmiX1l6o_Yrwg3LwlChi83gSKgv8iEgHIr7f5mN5cxiXDvpJWo3HJx_ksx1uwqnECdBs_Dib77K8JPqhUu4T2&sig=AHIEtbQMHjRqDCfrS9x7QA8klVs3r2mHEA|title=femco squirrel.doc|publisher=Femco mining motors|journal=|access-date=2022-03-09|archive-date=2016-04-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419095652/https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache%3AdqMYx9A7SR8J%3Awww.eepublishers.co.za%2Fimages%2Fupload%2Ffemco%2520squirrel.doc+&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg5Rz7fWQUOsorcMSEdx-w1qmBvd52ATrYU2Txc0O4MlIJOxcGYmiX1l6o_Yrwg3LwlChi83gSKgv8iEgHIr7f5mN5cxiXDvpJWo3HJx_ksx1uwqnECdBs_Dib77K8JPqhUu4T2&sig=AHIEtbQMHjRqDCfrS9x7QA8klVs3r2mHEA|dead-url=no}} {{Wayback|url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:dqMYx9A7SR8J:www.eepublishers.co.za/images/upload/femco%2520squirrel.doc+&hl=en&gl=in&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg5Rz7fWQUOsorcMSEdx-w1qmBvd52ATrYU2Txc0O4MlIJOxcGYmiX1l6o_Yrwg3LwlChi83gSKgv8iEgHIr7f5mN5cxiXDvpJWo3HJx_ksx1uwqnECdBs_Dib77K8JPqhUu4T2&sig=AHIEtbQMHjRqDCfrS9x7QA8klVs3r2mHEA |date=20160419095652 }}</ref>。可以用不同的電壓再重做此測試，確認得到的數值是正確的。因為定子上的電流可能會超過額定電流，此測試需迅速進行<ref name="#1"/>。利用此測試得到的數據，可以建構馬達的[[圓線圖]]<ref name="#3">{{cite book|last =Deshpande|first =M.V.|url =https://books.google.com/books?id=7rwh4cw4C5gC&pg=PA254&dq=Locked+rotor+test&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_vDqT7-NMoizrAfE1uTVBQ&ved=0CEAQuwUwAg#v=onepage&q=Locked%20rotor%20test&f=false|title =Electrical Machines|publisher =PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd}}</ref>。

==相關計算==

===額定電壓時的短路電流===
<math> I_{S} </math>是電壓在<math> V_{S} </math>時的短路電流<br>
<math> I_{SN} </math>是電壓在額定電壓<math> V </math>時的短路電流<br>
<math> I_{SN} = I_{S} \times \frac {V} {V_{S}}</math>

===短路功率因素===
<math> W_{S} </math>是短路時的總輸入功率<br>
<math> V_{SL} </math>是短路時的輸入線電壓<br>
<math> I_{SL} </math>是短路時的輸入線電流<br>
<math> cos \phi_{S} </math>是短路時的功率因素<br>
<math> cos \phi_{S} = \frac {W_{S}} {{\sqrt{3}} {V_{SL}} {I_{SL}}} </math><ref name="#3"/>

===漏感抗===
<math> Z_{01} </math>是短路時，參考定子的短路阻抗<br>
<math> X_{01} </math>是短路時，參考定子的單相漏感抗<br>
<math> Z_{01} = \frac \text {short circuit voltage per phase} \text {short circuit current} = \frac {V_{S}} {I_{S}} </math>

<math> W_{cu} </math> 是總[[銅損]]<br>
<math> W_{c} </math> 是總[[鐵損]]

<math> W_{cu} = W_{S} - W_{c}</math><br>
<math> W_{cu} = {3} \times{{I_{S}}^{2} {R_{01}}}</math>

<math> R_{01} = \frac {W_{cu}} {3{I_{S}}^{2}}</math>

<math> X_{01} = \sqrt {{Z_{01}}^{2} - {R_{01}^{2}}}</math>

==參考資料==
{{reflist}}

==相關條目==
*[[短路測試]]
*[[開路測試]]
*[[圓線圖]]
*[[堵轉力矩]]
[[Category:電力電路]]