查看“︁雷酸汞”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 477000105
| ImageFile = Mercury fulminate.svg
| ImageFile1 = Mercury-fulminate-3D-vdW.png
| ImageFile2 = Mercury-fulminate-xtal-3D-vdW.png
| ImageFile3 = Mercuryfulminate puryfied.jpg
| ImageSize = 
| IUPACName = 
| OtherNames = 雷汞
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 9197626
| InChI = 1/2CNO.Hg/c2*1-2-3;/rC2HgN2O2/c6-4-1-3-2-5-7
| InChIKey = MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-HZIBCBEIAJ
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2CNO.Hg/c2*1-2-3;
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = MHWLNQBTOIYJJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 628-86-4
|   PubChem = 11022444
|   ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 39152
| SMILES = [O-][N+]#C[Hg]C#[N+][O-]
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = 	C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Hg
|   MolarMass = 284.624 g/mol
|   Appearance = 灰白色粉末<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|ZVG=500092|Name=Quecksilberfulminat|Datum=20. Februar 2008}}.</ref>
|   Density = 4.42 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="GESTIS"/>
|   MeltingPt = 160–180 °C 爆炸<ref name="GESTIS"/>
|   BoilingPt = 356.6°C
|   Solubility = 微溶于水<ref name="GESTIS"/>
|   SolubleOther = 溶于[[乙醇]]，[[氨]]
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Explosive
|  ShockSens = 高
|  FrictionSens = 高
|  ExplosiveV = 4250 m/s
|  REFactor = 
}}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Hazards
|  Reference = 
|  ExternalMSDS = 
|  EUIndex = 
|  wxxfh = {{wxxfh|E|T|N}}
|  EUClass = 
|  RPhrases = {{R3}}-{{R23/24/25}}-{{R33}}-{{R50/53}}
|  SPhrases = {{S1/2}}-{{S13}}-{{S28}}-{{S45}}-{{S60}}-{{S61}}
|  GHSPictograms = {{Chembox GHSPictograms|01|06|08|09}}
|  GHSSignalWord = 危险
|  HPhrases = 200-331-311-301-373-400-410
|  PPhrases = 
|  MainHazards = 剧毒，对撞击敏感
|  Autoignition = 170 °C
|  MAK = 0.1 mg·m<sup>−3</sup><ref name="GESTIS"/>
  }}
}}
'''雷酸汞'''（Mercury(II) fulminate，[[化学式]]：[[汞|Hg]]([[雷酸盐|CNO]])<sub>2</sub>）是一种[[炸药]]。

==性质==
雷酸汞顏色因為製造比率不同而變因，有灰、灰白、淡黃、月白、纯白等色。純的雷汞屬於月色。雷汞為極敏感而猛烈的爆藥，受輕微碰撞、摩擦或與燃燒體、加熱體互相接觸即會發生爆炸，故用於[[雷管|起爆]]用藥。有毒，制备过程和爆炸时放出的气体都有毒性，故雷汞目前已被更稳定的起爆药所代替，如[[叠氮化铅]]、[[斯蒂芬酸铅]]（lead styphnate）（分子式：<chem>C6HN3O8Pb</chem>）和[[二硝基重氮酚]]（Diazodinitrophenol）（分子式：<chem>C6H2N4O5</chem>）等。

生成热为267.8kJ/mol。雷汞的晶体结构直到2007年才得以确定。<ref>{{cite journal en| author = W. Beck, J. Evers, M. Göbel, G. Oehlinger and T. M. Klapötke | title = The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Mercury Fulminate (Knallquecksilber) | year = 2007 | journal = [[Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie]] | volume = 633 | issue = 9 | pages = 1417–1422 | doi = 10.1002/zaac.200700176}}</ref>

將雷酸汞慢慢加熱，則在152°C发生强烈爆炸；高速加熱，則在200°C爆炸。將雷酸汞置入金屬管中，即成[[雷管]]。分解方程式如下：

:<chem>Hg(CNO)2 -> Hg + 2 CO + N2</chem>

所产生的物质会[[锈蚀]]金属，所以雷酸汞制造的[[底火]]被称为锈蚀性底火，射击后不及时保养会加重枪械锈蚀。这种底火曾经被广泛使用，但因其鏽蝕性而被取代。

==制备==
1800年，[[愛德華·查爾斯·霍華德]]首次發明合成雷酸汞的方法，將[[汞]]溶於[[硝酸]]內，混合[[醇]]，發生[[化學反應|反应]]而生成產物。<ref>{{cite journal en
| title =  On a New Fulminating Mercury
| author = Edward Howard
| journal =  [[自然科学会报|伦敦自然科学会报]]
| year =  1800
| volume = 90
| issue = 1
| pages = 204–238
| doi = 10.1098/rstl.1800.0012
}}</ref>这种方法也是目前制取雷汞的主要方法。

::<chem>Hg(NO3)2 + 3C2H5OH -> Hg(CNO)2 v + 2CH3CHO + 5H2O</chem>

==参见==
*[[雷酸银]]

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:炸药]]
[[Category:有机汞化合物]]
[[Category:雷酸盐]]
[[Category:1800年代发现的物质]]