查看“︁阿尔文波”︁的源代码

{{Expand|time=2013-02-13T07:55:33+00:00 }}

{{noteTA
|1 = zh-hans:等离子体; zh-hant:電漿;
|2 = zh-hans:阿尔文波; zh-hant:阿耳芬波;
}}

'''阿尔文波'''，又称'''剪切阿尔文波'''，是[[等离子体]]中的一种沿[[磁场]]方向传播的[[波]]，这种波的[[頻率 (物理學)|频率]]远低于等离子体的回旋频率，是一种[[线偏振]]的低频[[横波]]。处在磁场中的导电流体在垂直于磁场的方向上受到局部扰动时，沿着磁感线方向的磁张力提供恢复力，就会激发阿尔文波。阿尔文波是由瑞典物理学家[[汉尼斯·阿尔文]]首先预言的，因此得名。后来[[隆德奎斯特]]（{{lang|en|Lundquist}}）使用1特斯拉左右的磁场在水银中观察到了阿尔文波，列纳尔特（{{lang|en|Lehnert}}）使用液态钠也证实了阿尔文波的存在。
[[File:Observations_Reshape_Basic_Plasma_Wave_Physics.webm|缩略图|运动的阿尔文波。]]
[[File:Alfven-wave-double-layer.gif|缩略图|A cluster of double layers forming in an Alfvén wave, about a sixth of the distance from the left.<br />图例:<br /><span style="color:red">红色</span>=electrons<br /><span style="color:green">绿色</span>=ions<br /><span style="color:gold">黄色</span>=electric potential<br /><span style="color:orange">橙色</span>=parallel electric field<br /><span style="color:hotpink">粉色</span>=charge density<br /><span style="color:blue">蓝色</span>=magnetic field]]

阿尔文波的[[色散关系]]为：
:<math>\omega^2=k^2v_A^2\cos^2\theta</math>
这样的波称为斜阿尔文波。''θ''=0时是沿着磁感线的方向传播的，称为阿尔文波。此时阿尔文波的[[相速度]]为：
:<math>v_A=\frac{B}{\sqrt{\mu_0\rho_0}}</math>
称为'''阿尔文速度'''，其中''μ''<sub>0</sub>是等离子体的[[磁导率]]，''ρ''<sub>0</sub>是离子的密度。在垂直于磁感线的方向上阿尔文波不能传播。

== 阿尔文时间 ==
在[[等离子体物理]]中, 阿尔文时间<math> \tau_A </math>是波动现象的一个重要时标。它和阿尔文速度的关系为：
:<math>\tau_A = \frac{a}{v_A}</math>
式中<math> a </math> 代表了系统的特征尺度。例如，<math> a </math> 是[[托卡马克]]中较小的环的半径。


== 参见 ==
*[[压缩阿尔文波]]

== 延伸阅读 ==
* {{Citation |last=Alfvén |first=H. |title=Existence of electromagnetic-hydrodynamic waves |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |date=1942 |volume=150 |issue=3805 |pages=405–406 |doi=10.1038/150405d0 |bibcode = 1942Natur.150..405A }}
* {{Citation |last=Alfvén |first=H. |title=Cosmic Plasma |location=Holland |publisher=Reidel |date=1981 |isbn=90-277-1151-8 }}
* {{Citation |last=Aschwanden |first=M. J. |last2=Fletcher |first2=L. |last3=Schrijver |first3=C. J. |last4=Alexander |first4=D. |title=Coronal Loop Oscillations Observed with the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=520 |issue=2 |pages=880–894 |date=1999 |doi=10.1086/307502 |bibcode=1999ApJ...520..880A}}
* {{Citation |last=Berthold |first=W. K. |last2=Harris |first2=A. K. |last3=Hope |first3=H. J. |title=World-Wide Effects of Hydromagnetic Waves Due to Argus |date=1960 |journal=[[Journal of Geophysical Research]] |volume=65 |issue=8 |pages=2233–2239 |doi=10.1029/JZ065i008p02233 |bibcode=1960JGR....65.2233B}}
* {{Citation |last=Bostick |first=Winston H. |last2=Levine |first2=Morton A. |title=Experimental Demonstration in the Laboratory of the Existence of Magneto-Hydrodynamic Waves in Ionized Helium |journal=[[Physical Review]] |date=1952 |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=671 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.87.671 |bibcode = 1952PhRv...87..671B }}
* {{Citation |last=Coleman |first=P. J., Jr. |last2=Sonett |first2=C. P. |last3=Judge |first3=D. L. |last4=Smith |first4=E. J. |title=Some Preliminary Results of the Pioneer V Magnetometer Experiment |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |date=1960 |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1856–1857 |doi=10.1029/JZ065i006p01856 |bibcode=1960JGR....65.1856C}}
* {{Citation |last=Cramer |first=N. F. |last2=Vladimirov |first2=S. V. |title=Alfvén Waves in Dusty Interstellar Clouds |date=1997 |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=170–178 |url=http://www.atnf.csiro.au/pasa/14_2/cramer/paper/ |bibcode=1997PASA...14..170C |doi=10.1071/AS97170 |accessdate=2018-01-05 |archive-date=2008-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080819084851/http://www.atnf.csiro.au/pasa/14_2/cramer/paper/ |dead-url=no }}
* {{Citation |last=Dessler |first=A. J. |title=Swedish iconoclast recognized after many years of rejection and obscurity |journal=Science |date=1970 |volume=170 |issue=3958 |pages=604–606 |doi=10.1126/science.170.3958.604 |bibcode = 1970Sci...170..604D |pmid=17799293}}
* {{Citation |last=Falceta-Gonçalves |first=D. |last2=Jatenco-Pereira |first2=V. |title=The Effects of Alfvén Waves and Radiation Pressure in Dust Winds of Late-Type Stars |journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=576 |issue=2 |pages=976–981 |date=2002 |doi=10.1086/341794 |bibcode=2002ApJ...576..976F|arxiv = astro-ph/0207342 }}
* {{Citation |last=Fermi |first=E. |title=On the Origin of the Cosmic Radiation |journal=Physical Review |date=1949 |volume=75 |issue=8 |pages=1169–1174 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.75.1169 |bibcode = 1949PhRv...75.1169F }}
* {{Citation |last=Galtier |first=S. |title=A weak turbulence theory for incompressible magnetohydrodynamics |journal=J. Plasma Physics |date=2000 |volume=63 |issue=5 |pages=447–488 |doi=10.1017/S0022377899008284 |bibcode = 2000JPlPh..63..447G |arxiv = astro-ph/0008148 }}
* {{Citation |last=Hollweg |first=J. V. |title=Hydromagnetic waves in interplanetary space |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |date=1974 |volume=86 |issue=October 1974 |pages=561–594 |doi=10.1086/129646 |bibcode=1974PASP...86..561H}}
* {{Citation |last=Ip |first=W.-H. |last2=Mendis |first2=D. A. |title=The cometary magnetic field and its associated electric currents |journal=Icarus |date=1975 |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=457–461 |doi=10.1016/0019-1035(75)90115-3 |bibcode=1975Icar...26..457I}}
* {{Citation |last=Jephcott |first=D. F. |title=Alfvén waves in a gas discharge |journal=Nature |date=1959 |volume=183 |issue=4676 |pages=1652–1654 |doi=10.1038/1831652a0 |bibcode = 1959Natur.183.1652J }}
* {{Citation |last=Lehnert |first=Bo |title=Magneto-Hydrodynamic Waves in Liquid Sodium |journal=Physical Review |date=1954 |volume=94 |issue=4 |pages=815–824 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.94.815 |bibcode = 1954PhRv...94..815L }}
* {{Citation |last=Lundquist |first=S. |title=Experimental Investigations of Magneto-Hydrodynamic Waves |journal=Physical Review |date=1949 |volume=76 |issue=12 |pages=1805–1809 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.76.1805 |bibcode = 1949PhRv...76.1805L }}
* {{Citation |last=Mancuso |first=S. |last2=Spangler |first2=S. R. |title=Coronal Faraday Rotation Observations: Measurements and Limits on Plasma Inhomogeneities |date=1999 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=525 |issue=1 |pages=195–208 |bibcode = 1999ApJ...525..195M |doi = 10.1086/307896 }}
* {{Citation |last=Motz |first=R. O. |title=Alfven Wave Generation in a Spherical System |journal=Physics of Fluids |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=411–412 |date=1966 |doi=10.1063/1.1761687 |bibcode = 1966PhFl....9..411M }}
* {{Citation |last=Nakariakov |first=V. M. |last2=Ofman |first2=L. |last3=Deluca |first3=E. E. |last4=Roberts |first4=B. |last5=Davila |first5=J. M. |title=TRACE observation of damped coronal loop oscillations: Implications for coronal heating |journal=Science |volume=285 |issue=5429 |pages=862–864 |date=1999 |doi=10.1126/science.285.5429.862 |pmid=10436148 |bibcode=1999Sci...285..862N}}
* {{Citation |last=Ofman |first=L.|last2=Wang |first2=T. J. |title=Hinode observations of transverse waves with flows in coronal loops |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=482 |issue=2 |pages=L9-L12 |date=2008 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20079340 |bibcode=2008A&A...482L...9O}}
* {{Citation |last=Otani |first=N. F. |title=The Alfvén ion-cyclotron instability, simulation theory and techniques |journal=Journal of Computational Physics |volume=78 |issue=2 |pages=251–277 |year=1988a |doi=10.1016/0021-9991(88)90049-6 |bibcode = 1988JCoPh..78..251O }}
* {{Citation |last=Otani |first=N. F.  |title=Application of Nonlinear Dynamical Invariants in a Single Electromagnetic Wave to the Study of the Alfvén-Ion-Cyclotron Instability |journal=Physics of Fluids |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=1456–1464 |year=1988b |doi=10.1063/1.866736 |bibcode = 1988PhFl...31.1456O }}
* {{Citation |last=Parker |first=E. N. |title=Hydromagnetic Waves and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays |journal=Physical Review |date=1955 |volume=99 |issue=1 |pages=241–253 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.99.241 |bibcode = 1955PhRv...99..241P }}
* {{Citation |last=Parker |first=E. N. |title=Suprathermal Particle Generation in the Solar Corona |journal=Astrophysical Journal |date=1958 |volume=128 |pages=677 |doi=10.1086/146580 |bibcode=1958ApJ...128..677P}}
* {{Citation |last=Parker |first=E. N. |title=Extragalactic Cosmic Rays and the Galactic Magnetic Field |journal=Astrophysics and Space Science |date=1973 |volume=24 |issue=1 |pages=279–288 |doi=10.1007/BF00648691 |bibcode=1973Ap&SS..24..279P}}
* {{Citation |last=Silberstein |first=M. |last2=Otani |first2=N. F. |title=Computer simulation of Alfvén waves and double layers along auroral magnetic field lines |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |volume=99 |issue=A4 |pages=6351–6365 |date=1994 |url=http://otani.vet.cornell.edu/papers/silberstein_otani_1994.pdf |doi=10.1029/93JA02963 |bibcode=1994JGR....99.6351S |accessdate=2018-01-05 |archive-date=2005-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050509143454/http://otani.vet.cornell.edu/papers/silberstein_otani_1994.pdf |dead-url=no }}
* {{Citation |last=Sugiura |first=Masahisa |title=Some Evidence of Hydromagnetic Waves in the Earth's Magnetic Field |journal=Physical Review Letters |date=1961 |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=255–257 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.6.255 |bibcode=1961PhRvL...6..255S}}
* {{Citation |last=Tomczyk |first=S. |last2=McIntosh |first2=S. W. |last3=Keil |first3=S. L. |last4=Judge |first4=P. G. |last5=Schad |first5=T. |last6=Seeley |first6=D. H. |last7=Edmondson |first7=J. |title=Waves in the Solar Corona |journal=Science |volume=317 |issue=5842 |pages=1192–1196 |date=2007 |doi=10.1126/science.1143304 |bibcode = 2007Sci...317.1192T }}
* {{Citation |last=Van Doorsselaere |first=T. |last2=Nakariakov |first2=V. M. |last3=Verwichte |first3=E.|title=Detection of Waves in the Solar Corona: Kink or Alfvén? |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=676 |issue=1 |pages=L73-L75 |date=2008 |doi= 10.1086/587029 |bibcode=2008ApJ...676L..73V}}
* {{Citation |last=Vasheghani Farahani |first=S. |last2=Van Doorsselaere |first2=T. |last3=Verwichte |first3=E. |last4=Nakariakov |first4=V. M. |title=Propagating transverse waves in soft X-ray coronal jets |journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume=498 |issue=2 |pages=L29-L32 |date=2009 |doi= 10.1051/0004-6361/200911840 |bibcode=2009A&A...498L..29V}}
* {{Citation |last=Jess |first=David B. |last2=Mathioudakis |first2=Mihalis |last3=Erdélyi |first3=Robert |last4=Crockett |first4=Philip J. |last5=Keenan |first5=Francis P. |last6=Christian |first6= Damian J. |title=Alfvén Waves in the Lower Solar Atmosphere |journal=Science |volume=323 |pages=1582 |date=2009 |doi= 10.1126/science.1168680 |bibcode=2009Sci...323.1582J|arxiv = 0903.3546 }}
* {{Citation |last=Srivastava |first=Abhishek K. |last2=Shetye |first2=Juie |last3=Murawski |first3=Krzysztof |last4=Doyle |first4=John Gerard |last5=Stangalini |first5=Marco |last6=Scullion |first6=Eamon |last7=Ray |first7=Tom |last8=Wójcik |first8=Dariusz Patryk |last9=Dwivedi |first9=Bhola N. |title=High-frequency torsional Alfvén waves as an energy source for coronal heating |journal=Nature Scientific Reports |volume=7 |pages=id.43147 |date=2017 |doi= 10.1038/srep43147 |bibcode=2017NatSR...743147S}}

[[Category:磁流体力学波]]