查看“︁铁氰化钾”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 451578816
| Name = 铁氰化钾
| ImageFile = Structure of potassium ferricyanide.png
| ImageSize =
| ImageSize1 =
| ImageFile1 = Potassium ferricyanide.jpg
| ImageSize2 =
| ImageName2 = 铁氰化钾晶体
| IUPACName = Potassium hexacyanoferrate(III)
| IUPAC中 = 六氰合铁(III)酸钾
| OtherNames = 铁氰酸钾<br>赤血盐
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 13746-66-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = U4MAF9C813
| PubChem = 26250
| RTECS = LJ8225000
| EC_number = 237-323-3
| ChEBI = 30060
| Gmelin = 21683
| InChI = 1S/6CN.Fe.3K/c6*1-2;;;;/q6*-1;+3;3*+1
| SMILES = [K+].[K+].N#C[Fe-3](C#N)(C#N)(C#N)(C#N)C#N.[K+]
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 24458
| InChIKey = BYGOPQKDHGXNCD-UHFFFAOYAG
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/6CN.Fe.3K/c6*1-2;;;;/q6*-1;+3;3*+1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = BYGOPQKDHGXNCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]
| MolarMass = 329.24
| Appearance = 深红色晶体，橙色至深红色粉末
| Density = 1.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = 464 g/L (20 °C)<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | author = Kwong, H.-L. | title = Potassium Ferricyanide | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis | editor = Paquette, L. | year = 2004 | publisher = J. Wiley & Sons | location = New York | doi = 10.1002/047084289X | hdl = 10261/236866 | isbn = 9780471936237 | url = https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02922790 | hdl-access = free | access-date = 2022-03-12 | archive-date = 2022-03-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220312043321/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02922790 }}</ref>
| SolubleOther = 微溶于[[乙醇|醇]]，可溶于[[酸]]
| MeltingPtC = 300
| BoilingPt = 分解
| MagSus = +2290.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
}}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = [[单斜]]
}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/p5752.htm MSDS]
| MainHazards =
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
| LD50 = 2970 mg/kg（大鼠经口）
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|315|319|332|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|270|271|280|301+312|302+352|304+312|304+340|305+351+338|312|321|330|332+313|337+313|362|403+233|405|501}}
| FlashPt = 不可燃
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[亚铁氰化钾]]
| OtherCations = [[普鲁士蓝]]
}}
}}
'''铁氰化钾'''，俗稱'''赤血鹽'''，是化学式为K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]的[[化合物]]。这种鲜红色的盐含有[[八面体构型|八面体]][[配位]]的[[铁氰酸盐|[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup>]]离子<ref>{{ cite book | author = Sharpe, A. G. | title = The Chemistry of Cyano Complexes of the Transition Metals | publisher = Academic Press | location = London | year = 1976 }}</ref>。它易溶于水，溶液有黄绿色[[荧光]]。它由[[利奥波德·格梅林]]于1822年发现<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gmelin |first1=Leopold |title=Ueber ein besonderes Cyaneisenkalium, and über eine neue Reihe von blausauren Eisensalzen |journal=Journal für Chemie und Physik |date=1822 |volume=34 |pages=325–346 |url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433069069148&view=1up&seq=347 |trans-title=On a particular potassium iron cyanate, and on a new series of iron salts of cyanic acid |language=German |access-date=2022-03-12 |archive-date=2022-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220312043339/https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433069069148&view=1up&seq=347 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ihde|first1=A.J.|title=The Development of Modern Chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/developmentofmod0000ihde|date=1984|publisher=Dover Publications|location=New York|page=[https://archive.org/details/developmentofmod0000ihde/page/n166 153]|edition=2nd}}</ref>。

==制备==
铁氰化钾由[[氯气]]通入[[亚铁氰化钾]]溶液制备：
:<chem>2K4[Fe(CN)6] +Cl2 -> 2K3[Fe(CN)6] +2KCl</chem>

==结构==
与其他金属氰化物一样，铁氰化钾固体具有复杂的聚合结构。该聚合物由八面体[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−</sup>中心和与CN配体结合的K<sup>+</sup>离子交联<ref>Figgis, B.N.; Gerloch, M.; Mason, R. "The crystallography and paramagnetic anisotropy of potassium ferricyanide" Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences 1969, vol. 309, p91-118. {{doi|10.1098/rspa.1969.0031}}</ref>。当固体溶解在水中时，K<sup>+</sup>-NCFe键会断裂。
==应用==
铁氰化钾可用于钢铁[[表面硬化]]、[[电镀]]、羊毛染色、实验室[[试剂]]和[[有机化学]]中的温和[[氧化剂]]。

===蓝图与摄影===
铁氰化钾广泛用于[[蓝图]]绘制和[[摄影]]（[[藍圖#蓝图工艺|蓝晒法]]）。一些{{le|照相印刷调色|Photographic print toning}}过程涉及使用铁氰化钾。在处理过程中，铁氰化钾作为[[氧化剂]]从彩色负片和正片中去除[[银]]，这一过程称为漂白。由于铁氰化钾漂白剂对环境不友好、寿命短，并且如果与高浓度和大量的酸混合会释放出氰化氢气体，自1972年引入柯达[[C-41冲印处理]]工艺以来，使用[[EDTA]]铁的漂白剂已用于彩色刻印。在彩色刻印中，铁氰化钾用于在不减少点数的情况下减小色点的尺寸，作为一种称为点蚀刻的手动颜色校正。它还与少量[[硫代硫酸钠]]一起用于黑白摄影，以降低[[负片]]或{{le|明胶银刻印|Gelatin silver print}}的密度；这可以帮助抵消因负片[[曝光|过曝]]引起的问题，或使照片中的高光变亮<ref>{{cite encyclopedia | author1 = Stroebel, L. | author2 = Zakia, R. D. | title = Farmer's Reducer | encyclopedia = The Focal Encyclopedia of Photography | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=CU7-2ZLGFpYC&pg=PA297 | year = 1993 | publisher = Focal Press | isbn = 978-0-240-51417-8 | page = 297 | access-date = 2022-03-12 | archive-date = 2022-07-13 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220713193126/https://books.google.com/books?id=CU7-2ZLGFpYC&pg=PA297 }}</ref>。

===有机合成试剂===
铁氰化钾在有机化学中用作氧化剂<ref>{{cite journal|first1=E. A.|last1=Prill|first2=S. M.|last2=McElvain |doi=10.15227/orgsyn.015.0041|title=1-Methyl-2-Pyridone|journal=Organic Syntheses|year=1935|volume=15|page=41}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |first1=Hendryk|last1=Würfel|first2= Dörthe|last2=Jakobi|doi=10.15227/orgsyn.095.0177|title=Syntheses of Substituted 2-Cyano-benzothiazoles|year=2018|journal=Organic Syntheses|volume=95|pages=177–191|doi-access=free}}</ref>。它是[[夏普莱斯不对称双羟基化反应]]中催化剂再生的氧化剂<ref>{{cite journal|first1=Javier|last1=Gonzalez|first2= Christine|last2=Aurigemma|first3=Larry|last3=Truesdale|doi=10.15227/orgsyn.079.0093|title= Synthesis of (+)-(1S,2R)- and (−)-(1R,2S)-''trans''-2-Phenylcyclohexanol via Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylation (AD)|journal=Organic Syntheses|year=2002|volume=79|page=93}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first1=Ryu|last1=Oi|first2=K. Barry|last2=Sharpless |doi=10.15227/orgsyn.073.0001|title=3-&#91;(1S)-1,2-Dihydroxyethyl&#93;-1,5-Dihydro-3H-2,4-Benzodioxepine|journal=Organic Syntheses|year=1996|volume=73|page=1}}</ref>。

===其他===
铁氰化钾与[[氢氧化钾]]（或作为替代品的[[氢氧化钠]]）和水混合，可制成村上蚀刻剂。金相学家使用这种蚀刻剂来提供硬质合金中粘合剂和碳化物相之间的对比。

铁氰化钾可用于检验[[亚铁离子]]，亞铁离子与铁氰化钾溶液（黄色）反应生成[[普鲁士蓝]]沉淀。

==普鲁士蓝==
[[普鲁士蓝]]是蓝印法中的深蓝色颜料，由K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>-</sup>与亚铁（Fe<sup>2+</sup>）离子以及K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]与铁盐反应生成。<ref>{{ cite book |author1=Dunbar, K. R. |author2=Heintz, R. A. | chapter = Chemistry of Transition Metal Cyanide Compounds: Modern Perspectives | title = Progress in Inorganic Chemistry | year = 1997 | volume = 45 | pages = 283–391 | doi = 10.1002/9780470166468.ch4 |series=Progress in Inorganic Chemistry |isbn=9780470166468 }}</ref>
在[[组织学]]中，铁氰化钾用于检测生物组织中的亚铁离子。铁氰化钾在酸性溶液中与亚铁离子反应生成不溶性蓝色色素，通常称为藤氏蓝或普鲁士蓝。为了检测三价铁（Fe<sup>3+</sup>）离子，在{{le|Perls普鲁士蓝染色法|Perls Prussian blue}}中用[[亚铁氰化钾]]代替<ref>{{ cite book | author = Carson, F. L. | year = 1997 | title = Histotechnology: A Self-Instructional Text | edition = 2nd | pages = 209–211 | location = Chicago | publisher = American Society of Clinical Pathologists | isbn = 978-0-89189-411-7 }}</ref>。在藤氏蓝反应中形成的物质和在普鲁士蓝反应中形成的化合物是相同的<ref>{{cite journal | author = Tafesse, F. | title = Comparative Studies on Prussian Blue or Diaquatetraamine-Cobalt(III) Promoted Hydrolysis of 4-Nitrophenylphosphate in Microemulsions | journal = International Journal of Molecular Sciences | year = 2003 | volume = 4 | issue = 6 | pages = 362–370 | doi = 10.3390/i4060362 | url = http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i4060362.pdf | doi-access = free | access-date = 2008-05-11 | archive-date = 2008-05-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080528143018/http://www.mdpi.org/ijms/papers/i4060362.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author1 = Verdaguer, M. | author2 = Galvez, N. | author3 = Garde, R. | author4 = Desplanches, C. | title = Electrons at Work in Prussian Blue Analogues | journal = Electrochemical Society Interface | year = 2002 | volume = 11 | issue = 3 | pages = 28–32 | doi = 10.1002/chin.200304218 | url = http://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/fal/fal02/IF8-02-Pages28-32.pdf | access-date = 2022-03-12 | archive-date = 2020-10-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201023093915/https://www.electrochem.org/dl/interface/fal/fal02/IF8-02-Pages28-32.pdf }}</ref>。
==安全==
铁氰化钾毒性低，主要危害是对眼睛和皮肤有轻微刺激性。然而，在非常强的酸性条件下，会产生剧毒的[[氰化氢]]气体：
:<chem>6H+ +[Fe(CN)6]^{3-} -> 6HCN + Fe^{3+}</chem><ref>{{cite web|title=MSDS for potassium ferricyanide|url=http://www.labchem.com/tools/msds/msds/LC19040.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418075117/http://www.labchem.com/tools/msds/msds/LC19040.pdf|archive-date=2016-04-18|access-date=2022-03-12}}</ref>
==參見==
*[[铁氰酸盐]]
*[[亚铁氰酸盐]]
*[[亚铁氰化钾]]

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}
==外部链接==
*[http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1132.htm International Chemical Safety Card 1132] {{Wayback|url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1132.htm |date=20211201043624 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060517035532/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/29.html National Pollutant Inventory – Cyanide compounds fact sheet]

{{钾化合物}}
{{铁氰酸盐}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:铁氰化钾}}
[[Category:钾化合物]]
[[Category:照相药品]]
[[Category:氧化剂]]
[[Category:铁氰酸盐]]
[[Category:1820年代发现的物质]]