查看“︁鎇-241”︁的源代码

{{NoteTA|G1=Chemistry}}
{{Infobox isotope
 | alternate_names =
 | symbol = Am
 |CASNo = 
 |CASNo_ref=
 | mass_number = 241
 | mass = 241.056823
 | num_neutrons = 146
 | num_protons = 95
 | abundance =
 | halflife = 432.2 年
 | error_halflife =
 | text_color =
 | image = Americium-241.jpg
 | decay_product = 镎-237
 | decay_symbol = Np
 | decay_mass = 237
 | decay_mode1 = [[α衰變]]
 | decay_energy1 =
 | decay_mode2 = [[自發裂變]] (branching ratio 4×10<sup>-12</sup>)
 | decay_energy2 =
 | decay_mode3 =
 | decay_energy3 =
 | decay_mode4 =
 | decay_energy4 =
 | parent =
 | parent_symbol =
 | parent_mass =
 | parent_decay =
 | parent2 =
 | parent2_symbol =
 | parent2_mass =
 | parent2_decay =
 | spin = 5/2<sup>-</sup>
 | excess_energy = 52936.008
 | error1 =
 | binding_energy = 7543.272
 | error2 =
}}
'''鎇-241'''是[[鎇]]在[[核廢料]]中最常見的[[同位素]]<ref name="anl">{{cite book |url=http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/Americium.pdf |title="Americium" |author=[[阿貢國家實驗室|Argonne National Laboratory]] |publisher=EVS |date=2009-12-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716164652/http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/americium.pdf |archivedate=2011-07-16 }}</ref>，常用於製作以[[電離室]]為設計基礎的[[煙霧探測器]]，又或作[[中子源]]使用<ref name=ATVHD>{{cite web |url=http://bbc.co.uk/horizon |author=[[科學特搜]] |title=? |date=2010-11-06 19:30-19:50 |access-date=2010-11-06 |archive-date=2000-10-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20001012035501/http://www2.bbc.co.uk/horizon/ }}</ref>。鎇是一種可用於長壽命[[放射性同位素熱電機]]的潛在燃料。

鎇-241的來源如下：
* [[钚-241]]的[[&beta;衰變]]
* [[锔-241]]的[[电子捕获]]
* [[锫-245]]的[[&alpha;衰變]]。

镅-241會發生&alpha;衰變，並放出[[伽瑪射線]]作副產品。由於&alpha;衰變的低穿透度，使镅-241只會在被吞吃了或吸入了身體裡，才可能對身體構成損害。镅-241在單質钚的濃度跟單質钚最初的濃度及取樣品的時期相關：年代較久遠的钚-241樣品會有镅-241的積存。因此，當需要使用純綷的钚-241時，就要透過化學方法去移除積存在钚-241裡的镅-241。

以下為镅-241在繼續衰變後的演化過程：

::<math>\mathrm{^{241}_{\ 95}Am\ \xrightarrow [432.2\ year] {\alpha\ 5.638\ MeV} \ ^{237}_{\ 93}Np\ \xrightarrow [2\ 144\ 500\ year] {\alpha\ 4.959\ Mev} \ ^{233}_{\ 91}Pa\ \xrightarrow [26.967\ days] {\beta^-\ 0.571\ MeV} \ ^{233}_{\ 92}U}</math>

::<math>\mathrm{^{233}_{\ 92}U\ \xrightarrow [159\ 200\ year] {\alpha\ 4.909\ MeV} \ ^{229}_{\ 90}Th\ \xrightarrow [7\ 880\ year] {\alpha\ 5.168\ MeV} \ ^{225}_{\ 88}Ra\ \xrightarrow [14.9\ days] {\beta^-\ 0.357\ MeV} \ ^{225}_{\ 89}Ac}</math>

::<math>\mathrm{^{225}_{\ 89}Ac\ \xrightarrow [10.0\ days] {\alpha\ 5.935\ MeV} \ ^{221}_{\ 87}Fr\ \xrightarrow [4.9\ min] {\alpha\ 6.458\ MeV} \ ^{217}_{\ 85}At\ \xrightarrow [32.3\ ms] {\alpha\ 7.202\ MeV} \ ^{213}_{\ 83}Bi}</math>

::<math>\mathrm{^{213}_{\ 83}Bi\ \xrightarrow [45.59\ min] {\beta^-\ 1.426\ MeV} \ ^{213}_{\ 84}Po\ \xrightarrow [4.2\ \mu s] {\alpha\ 8.537\ MeV} \ ^{209}_{\ 82}Pb\ \xrightarrow [3.253\ hours] {\beta^-\ 0.644\ MeV} \ ^{209}_{\ 83}Bi}</math>

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:镅的同位素]]
[[Category:放射性同位素燃料]]