查看“︁酒精標準單位”︁的源代码

[[File:NIH standard drink comparison.jpg|thumb|400x400px|美國[[啤酒]]、{{le|麥芽酒|malt liquor}}、[[葡萄酒]]、以及[[蒸餾酒]]的酒精標準單位比較。]]
 
'''酒精標準單位'''（{{lang-en|standard drink}}，也可稱為酒精標準份量）是一種衡量酒類飲料之中含有的[[乙醇]]（純[[酒精]]）成分數量。標準單位的[[體積]]取決於飲料中的[[酒精濃度]]（例如，一標準單位的[[蒸餾酒]]就比一標準單位的[[啤酒]]的體積小很多），但兩者均包含有相同份量的酒精，因此可造成相同的[[酒精中毒|醉酒]]程度。
 
採用標準單位的原因是針對有關飲酒數量，以及飲用不同數量對健康的相對風險做建議。許多政府的健康指南會標明每天、每週、或單次純酒精不同攝入克數單位，對應所產生不同的風險。標準單位可提供視覺化的概念，協助人們了解種類不同，還有{{le|份量|serving size}}不同飲料中的酒精濃度。
 
例如在[[美國]]，一個標準單位的飲料含有大約14克酒精。<ref>14 grams of alcohol is 0.6 [[US fluid ounce]]s or 18 mL.</ref>相當於一罐12美制[[液體盎司]]（350毫升）有5%[[酒精濃度]]（Alcohol by volume，簡稱ABV）的啤酒、一杯5美制液體盎司（150毫升）有12%酒精濃度的[[葡萄酒]]，或是1.5美制液體盎司（44毫升），所謂的“一份”的[[蒸餾酒]]，<ref>[http://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/whatcountsdrink/whatsastandarddrink.asp rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov, US] {{Wayback|url=http://rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/whatcountsdrink/whatsastandarddrink.asp |date=20150502022816 }} [[NIH]] Web site:What's a "standard" drink?</ref>此時假設啤酒的酒精濃度為5%、葡萄酒的濃度為12%，蒸餾酒的酒濃度為40%（80度）。今天大多數葡萄酒的ABV都高於12%（[[加利福尼亞州]][[納帕縣]]1971年份葡萄酒的平均ABV為12.5%<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.wineforall.com/blog/?p=404 |title=Alcohol: the Devil is in the Details {So why won’t major American wine media run %s in reviews?} |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2019-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401142806/http://www.wineforall.com/blog/?p=404 }}</ref>）。80度仍然用作蒸餾酒的標準，但較高的酒精含量已經常見。
 
不同的國家對標準單位的定義不同。例如在[[澳大利亞]]，一個標準單位含有10克酒精，<ref name="oz">{{Cite web |url=http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/userguide/Documents/Guide%20to%20Labelling%20of%20Alcoholic%20Beverages.pdf |title=Guide to Labelling of Alcoholic Beverages |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220122062742/http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/code/userguide/Documents/Guide%20to%20Labelling%20of%20Alcoholic%20Beverages.pdf }}</ref>但在日本，一個“單位”大約含的是20克。<ref name="WHO_AUDIT_JA" />此外，標準單位通常不同於其所在國家的正常飲用份量（serving size）。<ref name="Mongan & Long">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rarha.eu/Resources/Deliverables/Lists/Deliverables/Attachments/14/WP5%20Background%20paper%20Standard%20drink%20measures%20HRB.pdf |title=Standard drink measures throughout Europe; peoples' understanding of standard drinks and their use in drinking guidelines, alcohol surveys and labelling |last1=Mongan |first1=Deirdre |last2=Long |first2=Jean |date=May 22, 2015 |website=Reducing Alcohol Related Harm |pages=8 |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-date=2021-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211208055845/https://www.rarha.eu/Resources/Deliverables/Lists/Deliverables/Attachments/14/WP5%20Background%20paper%20Standard%20drink%20measures%20HRB.pdf }}</ref>
 
各國均要求在酒類包裝貼上標籤，表明酒精含量。澳大利亞要求“酒類飲料包裝上的標籤上必須包括有關標準單位數量的說明”。<ref name=oz/>
 
“標準單位”這個名詞在英國發布的第一個指南（1984年）中曾被用到，作為飲酒的“安全範圍”，但在1987年的指南中，標準單位被{{le|酒精單位（英國）|Unit of alcohol|酒精單位}}所取代，之後英國的指南均採用酒精單位這個名詞。<ref>{{cite web|title=Alcohol guidelines, Eleventh Report of Session 2010–12|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmsctech/1536/1536.pdf|website=UK Parliament|publisher=House of Commons, Science and Technology Committee|access-date=13 February 2015|page=7|date=7 December 2011|archive-date=2022-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129192214/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201012/cmselect/cmsctech/1536/1536.pdf}}</ref>一份酒精單位的定義是10毫升（8克）純酒精。<ref name="Drinkaware-Unit">{{cite web|title=Drinkaware - What is an alcohol unit?|url=http://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/what-is-an-alcohol-unit/|access-date=2021-11-05|archive-date=2016-04-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414203958/https://www.drinkaware.co.uk/check-the-facts/what-is-alcohol/what-is-an-alcohol-unit}}</ref><ref name="NHS-HowLong">{{cite web|title=How long does alcohol stay in your blood?|url=http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/853.aspx?CategoryID=87|website=NHS Choices|access-date=11 February 2015|archive-date=2018-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306105407/https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/853.aspx?CategoryID=87}}</ref>這個酒精單位定義與任何單個酒精飲料的濃度（ABV）和飲料份量（體積）無關。瓶或罐中的酒精單位數目標明在飲料容器上（或是標明每份飲料中所包含的酒精單位）。典型每份飲料包含1–3單位的酒精。<ref name=howlong>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/853.aspx?CategoryID=87 |title=UK NHS:How long does alcohol stay in your blood?, reviewed 2013 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2018-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306105407/https://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/853.aspx?CategoryID=87 }}</ref>

==各國定義==
標準單位（或稱標準份量）的目的是不論飲料的種類，只用來衡量其中的乙醇含量。<ref name="ec.europa.eu">{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/health-knowledge-gateway/glossary#Glossarystandarddrink |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2020-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919133910/https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/health-knowledge-gateway/glossary#Glossarystandarddrink }}</ref>用於提供訊息給飲酒者。<ref name="ec.europa.eu"/>這些資訊是各國定義的酒精含量，用於衡量飲酒的水準，以及提供公共衛生信息之用。
 
國際間對於一個標準單位中要含有多少乙醇並沒共識。<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00475.x/epdf|doi=10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00475.x|title=Lack of international consensus in low-risk drinking guidelines|year=2013|last1=Furtwaengler|first1=Nina A. F. F.|last2=De Visser|first2=Richard O.|journal=Drug and Alcohol Review|volume=32|issue=1|pages=11–18|pmid=22672631|access-date=2021-11-05|archive-date=2016-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007203026/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-3362.2012.00475.x/epdf}}</ref>有些選的是酒精的質量（以克為單位）做定義，而另外一些則選擇根據體積（毫升或其他體積單位）來做定義。不同國家/地區的“標準”飲料/單位，根據當地習俗和飲料包裝，所得的數量不盡相同。<ref name="ec.europa.eu"/>
 
此處顯示質量和體積兩種測量值作為比較。目前並無單一的標準，而[[世界衛生組織]]（WHO）所開發的{{le|酒精使用疾患測試|Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test}}（AUDIT）的問卷表格使用的是10克酒精的標準單位，<ref name="WHO_AUDIT_EN" />已被甚多的國家採用，遠比其他形式的標準單位用得更多。<ref name="Kalinowski2016">{{cite journal |title=Governmental standard drink definitions and low‐risk alcohol consumption guidelines in 37 countries |journal = Addiction (Abingdon, England)|volume = 111|issue = 7|pages = 1293–8|date=2016-04-13|doi = 10.1111/add.13341|pmid = 27073140|last1 = Kalinowski|first1 = A.|last2 = Humphreys|first2 = K.|doi-access = free}}</ref>單位的名稱也各有不同，如註釋列中所示。
 
在[[歐洲聯盟]]內部，最常用到的標準份量是10克，其次是12克，但在所有使用單位中，其範圍從8到20克都有。<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rarha.eu/Resources/Deliverables/Lists/Work%20Package%206/Attachments/10/RARHA_Toolkit_WP6.pdf |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121202727/https://www.rarha.eu/Resources/Deliverables/Lists/Work%20Package%206/Attachments/10/RARHA_Toolkit_WP6.pdf }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/health-knowledge-gateway/promotion-prevention/alcohol |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306115207/https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/health-knowledge-gateway/promotion-prevention/alcohol }}</ref>
 
{|  class="wikitable sortable" 
|-
! 國家 !! 質量 (克) !! 體積 (毫升) || 註釋
|-
| 澳大利亞<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref>Population Health Division, Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing [http://www.alcohol.gov.au/internet/alcohol/publishing.nsf/Content/standard The Australian Standard Drink] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alcohol.gov.au/internet/alcohol/publishing.nsf/Content/standard |date=20190530113533 }}</ref> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
| [[奧地利]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref name="IARD">{{cite web|title=Drinking Guidelines: General Population|url=http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/drinking-guidelines-general-population/|website=IARD.org|publisher=International Alliance for Responsible Drinking|access-date=23 June 2016|archive-date=2018-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423142255/http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/drinking-guidelines-general-population/}}</ref> || 20 || 25.3 || 
|-
| [[加拿大]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref>Canadian Public Health Association.  URL: [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305015945/http://icap.org/portals/0/download/all_pdfs/icap_reports_english/report5.pdf]. 2006.</ref><ref name=CMAH>Centre for Addiction and Mental Health / Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale [http://www.camh.net/About_Addiction_Mental_Health/Drug_and_Addiction_Information/low_risk_drinking_guidelines.html Low-Risk Drinking Guidelines] {{Wayback|url=http://www.camh.net/About_Addiction_Mental_Health/Drug_and_Addiction_Information/low_risk_drinking_guidelines.html |date=20120502063001 }}</ref> || 13.6 or 13.45 <ref name="canada.ca">{{Cite web |url=https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/substance-use/problematic-alcohol-use.html |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420081039/https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/substance-use/problematic-alcohol-use.html }}</ref> or 13.5<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca/uvic-study-suggests-setting-minimum-alcohol-price-could-reduce-deaths-hospital-visits-1.5166558 |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128010341/https://vancouverisland.ctvnews.ca/uvic-study-suggests-setting-minimum-alcohol-price-could-reduce-deaths-hospital-visits-1.5166558 }}</ref>|| 17.2  or 17 <ref name="canada.ca"/>
|| 這種份量單位由液體盎司換算而來：
* 一瓶12液體盎司(341毫升)含有5%酒精的啤酒、蘋果酒、清涼飲料
* 一份1.5液體盎司(43毫升)含有40%酒精的蒸餾酒([[伏特加]]、[[朗姆酒]]、[[威士忌]]、[[琴酒]]等)
* 一杯5液體盎司(142毫升)含有12%酒精的葡萄酒。<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rethinkyourdrinking.ca/what-is-a-standard-drink/ |title=存档副本 |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-03-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331003745/https://www.rethinkyourdrinking.ca/what-is-a-standard-drink/ }}</ref>
|-
| [[丹麥]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref name="IARD" /> || 12 || 15.2 || 
|-
| [[芬蘭]]<ref>paihdelinkki.fi, [http://www.paihdelinkki.fi/en/info-bank/articles/alcohol/how-use-alcohol-wisely How to use alcohol wisely] {{Wayback|url=http://www.paihdelinkki.fi/en/info-bank/articles/alcohol/how-use-alcohol-wisely |date=20211104183122 }}</ref> || 12 || 15.2 || 
|-
| [[法國]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
| [[德國]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref name="Kenn dein Limit">{{Cite web |url=https://www.kenn-dein-limit.de/alkohol/haeufige-fragen/was-ist-ein-standardglas |title=Was ist ein Standardglas? |trans-title=What is a standard drink? |website=Alkohol? Kenn dein Limit. |publisher=[[Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung]] |language=DE |access-date=September 26, 2017 |archive-date=2020-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101014133/https://www.kenn-dein-limit.de/alkohol/haeufige-fragen/was-ist-ein-standardglas/ }}</ref>|| 11 || 13.8 || “standardglas”的份量包含10到12克 (在此採用中間值)
|-
| [[香港]]<ref name="hongkongdh">Department of Health [http://www.dh.gov.hk/english/pub_rec/pub_rec_ar/pdf/ncd_ap2/action_plan_2_alcohol%20and%20health%20HK%20situation_e.pdf Alcohol and Health: Hong Kong Situation] {{Wayback|url=http://www.dh.gov.hk/english/pub_rec/pub_rec_ar/pdf/ncd_ap2/action_plan_2_alcohol%20and%20health%20HK%20situation_e.pdf |date=20211203092428 }}</ref> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
| [[匈牙利]] || 17 || 21.5 || 
|-
| [[冰島]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item2535/3370.pdf |title=Landlæknisembættið, Icelandic Directorate of Health |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-07-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710211150/https://www.landlaeknir.is/servlet/file/store93/item2535/3370.pdf }}</ref> || 8 || 10 || “áfengiseining”的份量為8克，但當作與10毫升相等
|-
| [[愛爾蘭]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=Hope|first1=A.|title=A Standard Drink in Ireland: What strength?|date=2009|publisher=Health Service Executive|url=http://www.drugs.ie/resourcesfiles/research/2009/HSE_Hope_Standard_drink_in_Ireland.pdf|access-date=2 February 2015|archive-date=2022-06-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220617184434/http://www.drugs.ie/resourcesfiles/research/2009/HSE_Hope_Standard_drink_in_Ireland.pdf}}</ref> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
| [[義大利]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /> || 10 || 12.7 || “unità standard”定義為10毫升
|-
| [[日本]]<ref name="WHO_AUDIT_EN">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67205/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y|title=AUDIT The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Second Edition)|date=2001|website=WHO|format=pdf|access-date=2020-01-02|archive-date=2022-01-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120013214/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67205/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y}}</ref><ref  name="WHO_AUDIT_JA">{{Cite web|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67205/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a_jpn.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y|title=AUDIT The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (Second Edition)|website=WHO|page=17|language=ja|script-title=ja:アルコール使用障害特定テスト使用マニュアル|format=pdf|access-date=2020-01-02|archive-date=2022-06-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620125724/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/67205/WHO_MSD_MSB_01.6a_jpn.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y}}</ref>|| 19.75 || 25 || “單位（Tan'i）”. [[厚生勞動省]]所使用的傳統單位是{{le|合|Ge (unit)}}[[日本酒]](一合約等於180毫升) 。但並非“標準單位”。
|-
|日本<ref name="WHO_AUDIT_JA" />
|10
|12.7
|約在2011採用“drink (“飲み物（dorinku）”)” 以配合WHO的AUDIT，避免使用傳統的20克份量，免得產生最低飲用份量單位的錯誤印象。<ref name="JA_e-healthnet_unit">{{cite web|url=https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/alcohol/a-02-001.html|title=Units of alcoholic drink|website=Japan MHLW e-healthnet|language=ja|script-title=ja:飲酒量の単位|access-date=2020-01-02|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630190455/https://www.e-healthnet.mhlw.go.jp/information/alcohol/a-02-001.html}}</ref>有時也稱為“單位（Tan'i）”.<ref name="JA_UnitConfusion">{{cite web|url=https://www.niph.go.jp/soshiki/jinzai/koroshoshiryo/tokutei23/keikaku/program/K4-4.pdf|title=tips on alcohol use control consultation - Core-AUDIT|author=MHLW|website=Japan National Institute of Public Health|page=48|language=ja|script-title=ja:アルコール指導のポイント Core-AUDITの章|access-date=2020-01-02|archive-date=2022-07-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220709020137/https://www.niph.go.jp/soshiki/jinzai/koroshoshiryo/tokutei23/keikaku/program/K4-4.pdf}}</ref>但此份量非作“標準單位”之用。
|-
|[[荷蘭]]<ref name="IARD" /> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
|[[紐西蘭]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref>[http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/consumers/food-safety-topics/food-processing-labelling/food-labelling/fact-sheets/fs-2003-04-alcohol-labelling.htm New Zealand Food Safety Authority] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080704103437/http://www.nzfsa.govt.nz/consumers/food-safety-topics/food-processing-labelling/food-labelling/fact-sheets/fs-2003-04-alcohol-labelling.htm |date=2008-07-04 }}</ref><ref name=nzstandard>Alcohol Advisory Council of New Zealand (ALAC) [http://www.alac.org.nz/WhatsInAStandardDrink.aspx What's in a Standard Drink] {{Wayback|url=http://www.alac.org.nz/WhatsInAStandardDrink.aspx |date=20110423022843 }}</ref> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
| [[波蘭]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
| [[葡萄牙]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /> || 11 || 13.8 || 份量包含10到12克 (在此採用中間值)
|-
| [[西班牙]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /> || 10 || 12.7 || 
|-
| [[瑞典]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alkoholhjalpen.se/standardglas |title=Standardglas |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308150142/https://www.alkoholhjalpen.se/standardglas }}</ref> || 12 || 15.2 || “standardglas”等於33[[厘升]]含有5%酒精的啤酒、13厘升葡萄酒、或一份4厘升含有酒精40%的蒸餾酒
|-
|[[瑞士]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /> || 12 || 15.2 ||
|-
| [[英國]]<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref>PRODIGY Knowledge (Department of Health) [http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/patient_information/pils/alcohol_and_sensible_drinking.pdf Alcohol and Sensible Drinking] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925004920/http://www.prodigy.nhs.uk/patient_information/pils/alcohol_and_sensible_drinking.pdf |date=2006-09-25 }}</ref> || 8 || 10 || “酒精單位”定為10毫升，但與8克相等
|-
| 美國<ref name="Kalinowski2016" /><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#standDrink |title=Alcohol and Public Health: Frequently Asked Questions |publisher=CDC |access-date=2011-10-17 |archive-date=2018-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125220252/https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/faqs.htm#standDrink }}</ref> || 14 || 17.7 || “標準份量”定為0.6美式液體盎司（或是14克）
|}

==純酒精質量的計算==
如果一份酒精的濃度、[[密度]]、體積是已知數的話，則可以計算出其中的純酒精質量：
 
:純酒精質量 = 體積 × 酒精濃度 × 酒精密度。

例如，一杯350毫升，ABV為5.5%的啤酒，含有19.25毫升純酒精，而密度為789.24克/升（在20°C時的狀況），質量可算出為15.19克。
 
:<math>350\,\mathrm{mL} \times 0.055 \times 0.78924\,\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{mL} \approx 15.19\,\mathrm{g}</math>

:或是

:<math>0.35\,\mathrm{L} \times 0.055 \times 789.24\,\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{L} \approx 15.19\,\mathrm{g}</math>

當飲料是以液體盎司為單位（英國和美國之間有所不同）時，可以使用下列的轉換方式：

{|  class="wikitable"
|-
! 國家 !! 流量盎司酒精體積（毫升） !! 流量盎司酒精質量（克）
|-
| 英國 || 28.41 || 22.42
|-
| 美國 || 29.57 || 23.34
|}

應該記住，英國的一[[品脫]]（英制品脫）是20英制液體盎司，而美國的一品脫（美制濕量品脫）是16美制液體盎司。然而，1英制液體盎司≈ 0.961美制液體盎司，這表示1英制品脫 ≈ 1.201美制濕量品脫（即0.961 × 20/16）而非1.25美國品脫。

==代謝酒精所需時間==
粗略估計，人體需要大約一小時才能把一份英國酒精單位，即10毫升（8克）代謝（分解）完畢。但這會隨著飲酒者的體重、性別、年齡、個人代謝率、最近食物攝取量、酒精類型和強度、以及當時服用的其他藥物而異。如果[[肝臟]]功能受損，會拖慢代謝酒精的速度。<ref name=howlong/>
 
要計算出代謝的時間，可用當地標準飲料定義中的酒精單位數乘上一個小時。例如在美國，一份標準單位含有14克 ≈ 1.75單位的酒精（14克/8克），可以算出身體需要大約1.75小時的時間把攝入的酒精代謝完畢。
 
==參見==
{{portal|Liquor|Drink}}
* {{le|酒精飲料數量測量裝置|Alcoholic spirits measure}}
* {{le|酒精單位（英國）|Unit of alcohol}}

==參考文獻==
{{reflist|2}}

==外部連結==
*[http://www.cleavebooks.co.uk/scol/ccalcoh1.htm Online converter between different countries' standard drinks and units] {{Wayback|url=http://www.cleavebooks.co.uk/scol/ccalcoh1.htm |date=20220701181443 }}
*[http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/drinking-guidelines-general-population/ IARD: Drinking Guidelines General Population by country] {{Wayback|url=http://www.iard.org/policy-tables/drinking-guidelines-general-population/ |date=20180423142255 }}

{{模板:酒與健康}}

[[分類:體積單位]]