查看“︁超氧化钾”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
|   Name = 超氧化钾
|   ImageFile = Potassium-superoxide-unit-cell-3D-ionic.png
<!-- | ImageSize = 200px -->
|   ImageName = 超氧化钾的晶胞
|   ImageFile2 = Potassium_superoxide_powder.png
|   IUPACName = Potassium dioxide
|   OtherNames = 二氧化钾
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 12030-88-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|chemspider}}
|  PubChem  =  61541
|  RTECS  =  TT6053000
|  EINECS  =  234-746-5
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
|  ChemSpiderID  =  8329498
|  SMILES  =  [O][O-].[K+]
|  InChI  =  1/2K.O2/c;;1-2/q2*+1;-2
|  InChIKey  =  XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYAV
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
|  StdInChI  =  1S/2K.O2/c;;1-2/q2*+1;-2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
|  StdInChIKey  =  XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = KO<sub>2</sub>
|   MolarMass = 71.10 
|   Appearance = 黄色固体
|   Density = 2.14 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (固)
|   Solubility = 分解
|   MeltingPt = 425&nbsp;°C 分解
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   Coordination = 
|   CrystalStruct = 
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS =
|   MainHazards = 腐蚀性、氧化性
|   RPhrases =  {{R8}}-{{R14}}-{{R34}}
|   SPhrases = {{S17}}-{{S27}}-{{S36/37/39}}
|   NFPA-H = 3
|   NFPA-F = 0
|   NFPA-R = 3
|   NFPA-O = OX
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[氧化钾]]、[[过氧化钾]]
|   OtherCations = [[超氧化钠]]
  }}
}}

'''超氧化钾'''，分子式KO<sub>2</sub>，是一级[[氧化剂]]，与水剧烈反应。超氧化钾是由K<sup>+</sup>和[[超氧离子|O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>]]组成的[[碳化钙]]型粉末状晶体。有[[吸湿性]]、[[顺磁性]]。

== 工业制法 ==
超氧化钾的制备是在[[不锈钢]]置换釜内，以金属[[钠]]置换[[氯化钾]]得到纯度大於97％的金属[[钾]]，熔融的钾压送到特制的喷枪与经过净化的空气混合后喷入氧化炉，在230～250℃下燃烧生成超氧化钾。

== 化学性质 ==
超氧化钾与水反应，生成[[氢氧化钾]]和[[氧气]]：
:<math>4KO_{2} + 2H_{2}O \rightarrow  4KOH + 3O_{2}</math>↑
== 用途 ==
[[File:German U-Boat U-570 enters dock at Barrow-in-Furness after her capture.jpg|thumb|left|超氧化鉀可以作為潛艇的氧氣再生劑]]
由於超氧化鉀能和[[二氧化碳]]產生以下的化學反應而生成氧氣

:<math>4 KO_{2} + 2 CO_{2} \rightarrow 2 K_{2}CO_{3} + 3 O_{2}</math>

:<math>4 KO_{2} + 4 CO_{2} + 2 H_{2}O  \rightarrow  4 KHCO_{3} + 3 O_{2}</math>

所以，超氧化鉀可作为氧气源用于[[呼吸面罩]]，以及[[航天器|飞船]]、[[潜艇]]等密闭系统的氧气再生剂。
{{Inorganic-compound-stub}}

[[Category:超氧化物]]
[[Category:钾化合物]]
[[Category:易制爆化学品]]

{{鉀化合物}}
{{多氧化物}}