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{{Infobox scientist|姓名=詹姆斯·托马斯·比尔|原文名=James Thomas Beale|原文名语言=en|出生日期=1947年|国籍={{Flag|US}}|机构=[[杜兰大学]]（至1983年）<br>[[杜克大学]]（1983年至2016年）|母校=[[加州理工学院]]、[[斯坦福大学]]|研究领域=[[数学]]}}

'''詹姆斯·托马斯·比尔'''（英语：James Thomas Beale，{{bd|1947年||}}）是一位美国[[数学家]]，专长于[[流体动力学]]、[[偏微分方程]]和[[数值分析]]。<ref name="FAN2010">{{cite web|title=Fluid dynamics, Analysis, and Numerics 2010: A conference in honor of J. Thomas Beale|date=June 2020|website=Department of Mathematica, Duke University|url=https://services.math.duke.edu/conferences/FAN2010/beale.html|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=2022-07-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703215549/https://services.math.duke.edu/conferences/FAN2010/beale.html|dead-url=no}}</ref>

詹姆斯·比尔在[[佐治亚州]][[萨凡纳]]长大。<ref>{{cite news|title=Lillian Neidlinger Beale|newspaper=Savannah Morning News|date=October 8, 2004|url=https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/savannah/name/lillian-beale-obituary?pid=2686812|accessdate=2023-06-30|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630173324/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/savannah/name/lillian-beale-obituary?pid=2686812|dead-url=no}}</ref>在1967年，他毕业于[[加州理工学院]]，获得数学[[理学学士]]士学位。<ref>{{cite book|title=Seventy-Third Annual Commencement|date=June 9, 1967|publisher=California Institute of Technology|url=https://campuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2528/1/June_9,_1967.pdf|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630091649/https://campuspubs.library.caltech.edu/2528/1/June_9,_1967.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>在1973年，他获得[[斯坦福大学]]数学[[博士学位]]。他的博士论文《外部域的纯虚散射频率》（''Purely imaginary scattering frequencies for exterior domains''）<ref>{{cite book|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=u8VGAAAAIAAJ|title = Purely Imaginary Scattering Frequencies for Exterior Domains|last1 = Beale|first1 = James Thomas|year = 1973|access-date = 2023-06-30|archive-date = 2023-06-30|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230630141152/https://books.google.com/books?id=u8VGAAAAIAAJ|dead-url = no}}</ref>是在[[拉尔夫·索尔·菲利普斯]]的监督下编写的。<ref>{{MathGenealogy|id=40266}}</ref>获得博士学位后不久，比尔就成为[[杜兰大学]]的一名教员。在1983年，他从杜兰大学辞职，成为[[杜克大学]]教授，并于2016年以名誉教授身份退休。<ref name="retirement">{{cite web|title=Professor J. Thomas Beale Retires|website=Department of Mathematics, Duke University|date=May 20, 2016|url=https://math.duke.edu/news/professor-j-thomas-beale-retires|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630141153/https://math.duke.edu/news/professor-j-thomas-beale-retires|dead-url=no}}</ref>

{{blockquote|他于1984年与[[加藤敏夫]]和{{le|安德鲁·马伊达|Andrew Majda}}合作的文章''Remarks on the Breakdown of smooth Solutions for the 3-D Eulerequations''（《{{le|数学物理通讯|Communications in Mathematical Physics}}》 94 (1984), no. 1, 61–66）在流体流动奇点研究中（[[克雷研究所]][[千禧年大奖难题|千禧年难题]]中剩余悬而未决的问题之一）是非常有影响力的成果。他与许多合作者发表了50多篇科学出版物，涵盖的领域包括[[波涛|水波]]、[[涡旋]]方法、大气和海洋的[[准地转方程]]、[[斯特朗分裂|数值分裂方法]]以及近[[奇异积分]]计算方法的最新工作。<ref name=FAN2010/>}}

在1994年，比尔受邀在苏黎世国际数学家大会上发表流体界面的分析和数值方面的演讲。<ref>{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-3-0348-9078-6_98|chapter=Analytical and Numerical Aspects of Fluid Interfaces|title=Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, 1994, Zürich|year=1995|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|publisher=Birkhäuser|location=Basel|pages=1055–1064|isbn=978-3-0348-9897-3}}</ref>

{{blockquote|他的研究集中在基础科学问题的数学模型上，这些问题通常是偏微分方程，例如具有移动界面的流体流动。他一直对使用数学分析来了解数值方法的准确性感兴趣，目的是改进其设计，特别是对于那些用奇异积分表示解的方法。<ref name=retirement/>}}

在2010年6月28日至30日，杜克大学数学系为他举行了一次会议。<ref name="FAN2010" />

==精选出版物==
* {{cite journal|jstor=24891055|title=Spectral Properties of an Acoustic Boundary Condition|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|journal=Indiana University Mathematics Journal|year=1976|volume=25|issue=9|pages=895–917|doi=10.1512/iumj.1976.25.25071|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|jstor=24891336|title=Acoustic Scattering from Locally Reacting Surfaces|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|journal=Indiana University Mathematics Journal|year=1977|volume=26|issue=2|pages=199–222|doi=10.1512/iumj.1977.26.26015|bibcode=1977IUMJ...26..199B|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1090/S0025-5718-1981-0628693-0|title=Rates of convergence for viscous splitting of the Navier-Stokes equations|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mathematics-of-computation_1981-10_37_156/page/243|year=1981|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Majda|first2=Andrew|journal=Mathematics of Computation|volume=37|issue=156|page=243|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1090/S0025-5718-1982-0658212-5|title=Vortex methods. I. Convergence in three dimensions|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mathematics-of-computation_1982-07_39_159/page/1|year=1982|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Majda|first2=Andrew|journal=Mathematics of Computation|volume=39|issue=159|page=1|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1090/S0025-5718-1982-0658213-7|title=Vortex methods. II. Higher order accuracy in two and three dimensions|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mathematics-of-computation_1982-07_39_159/page/29|year=1982|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Majda|first2=Andrew|journal=Mathematics of Computation|volume=39|issue=159|page=29|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01212349|title=Remarks on the breakdown of smooth solutions for the <math>3</math>–<math>D</math> Euler equations|year=1984|last1=Beale|first1=J. T.|last2=Kato|first2=T.|last3=Majda|first3=A.|journal=Communications in Mathematical Physics|volume=94|issue=1|pages=61–66|bibcode=1984CMaPh..94...61B|s2cid=120560503|url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1103941230|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=2020-08-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807190803/https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1103941230|dead-url=no}} (over 1600 citations)
* {{cite book|author=Beale, J. Thomas|author2=Nishida, Takaaki|title=Large-Time Behavior of Viscous Surface Waves|series=University of Wisconsin-Madison Mathematics Research Center, MRC Technical Summary Report # 2809, Accession Number AD-A154 805|publisher=Defense Technical Information Center|year=1985|url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA154805|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803112913/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/citations/ADA154805|url-status=live|archive-date=August 3, 2021}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0021-9991(85)90176-7|title=High order accurate vortex methods with explicit velocity kernels|year=1985|last1=Beale|first1=J.T.|last2=Majda|first2=A.|journal=Journal of Computational Physics|volume=58|issue=2|pages=188–208|bibcode=1985JCoPh..58..188B}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01229378|title=Large-time behavior of the Broadwell model of a discrete velocity gas|year=1985|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|journal=Communications in Mathematical Physics|volume=102|issue=2|pages=217–235|bibcode=1985CMaPh.102..217B|s2cid=121412754|url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104114380|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=2020-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606152713/https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104114380|dead-url=no}} (The Broadwell model was introduced in 1964 by [[James Eugene Broadwell]].<ref name="Broadwell1964">{{cite journal|last1=Broadwell|first1=James E.|title=Shock Structure in a Simple Discrete Velocity Gas|journal=Physics of Fluids|volume=7|issue=8|year=1964|pages=1243|issn=0031-9171|doi=10.1063/1.1711368|bibcode=1964PhFl....7.1243B }}</ref>)
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1090/S0025-5718-1986-0829616-6|title=A convergent <math>3</math>-D vortex method with grid-free stretching|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_mathematics-of-computation_1986-04_46_174/page/401|year=1986|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|journal=Mathematics of Computation|volume=46|issue=174|page=401|bibcode=1986MaCom..46..401B|doi-access=free}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF01463401|title=Large-time behavior of discrete velocity Boltzmann equations|year=1986|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|journal=Communications in Mathematical Physics|volume=106|issue=4|pages=659–678|bibcode=1986CMaPh.106..659B|s2cid=122431829|url=http://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104115857|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=2020-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200612113423/https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1104115857|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-1-4612-3882-9_2|chapter=On the Accuracy of Vortex Methods at Large Times|title=Computational Fluid Dynamics and Reacting Gas Flows|series=The IMA Volumes in Mathematics and Its Applications|year=1988|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|volume=12|pages=19–32|isbn=978-1-4612-8388-1|url=http://purl.umn.edu/4570}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1002/cpa.3160460903|title=Growth rates for the linearized motion of fluid interfaces away from equilibrium|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_communications-on-pure-and-applied-mathematics_1993-10_46_9/page/1269|year=1993|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Hou|first2=Thomas Y.|author-link2=Thomas Hou|last3=Lowengrub|first3=John S.|journal=Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics|volume=46|issue=9|pages=1269–1301}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1002/cpa.3160470805|title=Convergence of Euler-Stokes splitting of the Navier-Stokes equations|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_communications-on-pure-and-applied-mathematics_1994-08_47_8/page/1083|year=1994|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Greengard|first2=Claude|journal=Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics|volume=47|issue=8|pages=1083–1115}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1137/S0036141092234980|title=Validity of the Quasigeostrophic Model for Large-Scale Flow in the Atmosphere and Ocean|year=1994|last1=Bourgeois|first1=Alfred J.|last2=Beale|first2=J. Thomas|journal=SIAM Journal on Mathematical Analysis|volume=25|issue=4|pages=1023–1068}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1137/S0036142993245750|title=Convergence of a Boundary Integral Method for Water Waves|year=1996|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Hou|first2=Thomas Y.|last3=Lowengrub|first3=John|journal=SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis|volume=33|issue=5|pages=1797–1843|url=https://authors.library.caltech.edu/9080/|access-date=2023-06-30|archive-date=2023-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630091956/https://authors.library.caltech.edu/9080/|dead-url=no}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1137/S0036142999362845|title=A Method for Computing Nearly Singular Integrals|year=2001|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Lai|first2=Ming-Chih|journal=SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis|volume=38|issue=6|pages=1902–1925}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1137/S0036142903420959|title=A Grid-Based Boundary Integral Method for Elliptic Problems in Three Dimensions|year=2004|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|journal=SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis|volume=42|issue=2|pages=599–620}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jcp.2003.10.023|title=Vortex blob methods applied to interfacial motion|year=2004|last1=Baker|first1=Gregory R.|last2=Beale|first2=J.Thomas|journal=Journal of Computational Physics|volume=196|issue=1|pages=233–258|bibcode=2004JCoPh.196..233B}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.jcp.2007.11.047|title=Locally corrected semi-Lagrangian methods for Stokes flow with moving elastic interfaces|year=2008|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Strain|first2=John|author-link2=John Andrew Strain|journal=Journal of Computational Physics|volume=227|issue=8|pages=3896–3920|bibcode=2008JCoPh.227.3896B}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Layton|first2=Anita T.|author-link2=Anita Layton|title=A velocity decomposition approach for moving interfaces in viscous fluids|journal=Journal of Computational Physics|volume=228|issue=9|year=2009|pages=3358–3367|issn=0021-9991|doi=10.1016/j.jcp.2009.01.023|bibcode=2009JCoPh.228.3358B }}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.1137/080731645|title=Smoothing Properties of Implicit Finite Difference Methods for a Diffusion Equation in Maximum Norm|year=2009|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|journal=SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis|volume=47|issue=4|pages=2476–2495}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.4208/cicp.020812.080213a|title=Nearly Singular Integrals in 3D Stokes Flow|year=2013|last1=Tlupova|first1=Svetlana|last2=Beale|first2=J. Thomas|journal=Communications in Computational Physics|volume=14|issue=5|pages=1207–1227|bibcode=2013CCoPh..14.1207T}}
* {{cite journal|doi=10.4208/cicp.030815.240216a|title=A Simple Method for Computing Singular or Nearly Singular Integrals on Closed Surfaces|year=2016|last1=Beale|first1=J. Thomas|last2=Ying|first2=Wenjun|last3=Wilson|first3=Jason R.|journal=Communications in Computational Physics|volume=20|issue=3|pages=733–753|arxiv=1508.00265|bibcode=2016CCoPh..20..733B|s2cid=41606464}}

==参考资料==
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[[Category:美国数学家]]
[[Category:加州理工学院校友]]
[[Category:史丹佛大学校友]]
[[Category:杜兰大学教师]]
[[Category:杜克大学教师]]
[[Category:流体力学家]]
[[Category:数值分析师]]
[[Category:偏微分方程理论家]]