查看“︁衍射分光鏡”︁的源代码

[[File:Light intensity distribution.jpg|thumb|一個7x7的雷射光矩陣]]
'''衍射分光鏡'''<ref name="www.amazon.com">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/Diffraction-Gratings-Applications-Optical-Engineering/dp/0824799232#reader_0824799232 |title=Diffraction Gratings and Applications, Loewen, Erwin C. and Popov, Evgeny. Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1997. |access-date=2013-06-22 |archive-date=2016-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315151204/http://www.amazon.com/Diffraction-Gratings-Applications-Optical-Engineering/dp/0824799232#reader_0824799232 |dead-url=no }}</ref>
<ref name="www.amazon.com1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Diffractive-Optics-Introduction-Technology/dp/0471984477#reader_0471984477 |title=Digital diffractive optics: an introduction to planar diffractive optics and related technology, Bernard C. Kress, Patrick Meyrueis , 2005. |access-date=2013-06-22 |archive-date=2016-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315101630/http://www.amazon.com/Digital-Diffractive-Optics-Introduction-Technology/dp/0471984477#reader_0471984477 |dead-url=no }}</ref>為一[[光學儀器]]，能將一個光束分成多個光束<ref name="books.google.com">[http://books.google.com/books?id=NFrG-zFrIDYC&lpg=PP3&dq=diffractive%20optics&pg=PA83#v=twopage&q&f=false Diffractive Optics – Design, Fabrication and Test, O'Shea, Suleski, Kathman and Prather, 2004. p.83]</ref>，並排成陣列（1xN）或矩陣（MxN），而這些光束皆具有入射光的特性。一個衍射分光鏡是專為特定[[波長]]的光和產生特定繞射角的光束而設計，所以入射光為單色的，如[[雷射]]。

==原理==
[[File:Phase image.jpg|thumb|衍射分光鏡的蝕刻圖樣<br>左：19x19矩陣<br>右：1x31陣列]]
此儀器基於光波的特性，及[[繞射]]的原理：[[惠更斯－菲涅耳原理]]。設計繞射的式樣類似於[[繞射光柵]]，用周期性的重複圖樣令繞射光束排列成特定的組合。圖樣蝕刻的深度則與入射光的波長有關，而所蝕刻的材料亦對繞射的波長有影響。

繞射的算式為：<math> d \sin \theta_m = m  \lambda </math>，d為圖樣重複周期的闊度，θ<sub>m</sub>為繞射光束間的角度，m為光束分散的數目，如數值為零則指入射光直接穿透。此算式並未計算繞射光束的強度，它取決於蝕刻的圖樣，視乎用途可有許多的變化。直線陣列的圖樣是條紋形狀的，而矩陣的圖樣則更複雜。

==應用==
此儀器可與一[[凸透鏡]]合用，用以聚焦繞射光於一特定距離的平面（視乎凸透鏡的[[焦距]]及分光鏡的繞射角）之上，並能用於雷射相關的科研及工業用途，如：
* [[雷射切割]]和刻劃，用以製造[[太陽能電池]]和[[液晶顯示器]]等
* 穿孔，用以製造[[香煙過濾嘴]]等
* 光束取樣，<ref name="LC">{{Cite web |url=http://www.lasercomponents.com/fileadmin/user_upload/home/Datasheets/holoor/beam_sampler.pdf |title=Beam sampler |access-date=2013-06-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320213740/http://www.lasercomponents.com/fileadmin/user_upload/home/Datasheets/holoor/beam_sampler.pdf |archive-date=2012-03-20 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>如電能監控
* 動作感應，如[[Kinect]]等<ref name="primesense">[http://www.google.com/patents/about?id=6WFWAQAAEBAJ OPTICAL DESIGNS FOR ZERO ORDER REDUCTION(patent)]</ref>
* 皮膚治療及美化<ref name="medical1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=42337 |title=Fractional Laser Skin Treatment Using Diffractive Optics |access-date=2013-06-22 |archive-date=2021-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118125826/https://www.photonics.com/Article.aspx?AID=42337 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==另見==
* [[繞射]]
* [[分光鏡]]

==參考==
{{reflist}}

== 外部連結 ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120809090155/http://holoor.co.il/Diffractive_Optics_Publications/BeamSplitter-Article.pdf HOLOOR 衍射分光鏡]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121126134813/http://www.axetris.com/diffraction_gratings.htm Axetris Diffractive Optics]
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSJXXIpc6aA 衍射分光鏡介紹影片] {{Wayback|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSJXXIpc6aA |date=20200520074345 }}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHrzIcZ7Pw8 衍射分光鏡介紹影片] {{Wayback|url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QHrzIcZ7Pw8 |date=20200519230044 }}


[[分類:繞射]]
[[分類:光學儀器]]