查看“︁苯胺盐酸盐”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 446359945
| ImageFileL1 = Anilinium chloride.svg
| ImageNameL1 = Skeletal formula of anilinium chloride
| ImageFileR1 = Anilinium-chloride-3D-balls.png
| ImageNameR1 = Ball-and-stick model of anilinium chloride
| IUPACName = Phenylammonium chloride
| OtherNames = 盐酸苯胺<BR>苯胺氯化物<BR>UN 1548<BR>C.I. 76001
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| InChIKey = MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYAJ
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H7N.ClH/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5H,7H2;1H
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = MMCPOSDMTGQNKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 142-04-1
| EINECS = 205-519-8
| PubChem = 8870
| SMILES = [Cl-].[NH3+]c1ccccc1
| InChI = 1/C6H7N.ClH/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6;/h1-5H,7H2;1H
| RTECS = CY0875000
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID =8536
  }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=6 | H=8 | Cl=1 | N=1
| Appearance = 无色吸湿性晶体
| Density = 1.2215 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = {{convert|199-202|C|K}}
| BoilingPtC = 245
| BoilingPt_notes = 
| Solubility = 1070 g/l
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = 
| EUClass = 有毒（'''T'''）, 对环境有害（'''N'''）
| FlashPtC = 193
| FlashPt_notes = o.c.<ref>[http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1013.htm Aniline Hydrochloride (Icsc)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> /c.c.<ref>[http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/a6684.htm Aniline Hydrochloride<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
| AutoignitionPt = 
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S =
| RPhrases = {{R23/24/25}}, {{R40}}, {{R41}}, {{R43}},{{R48/23/24/25}}, {{R50}}, {{R68}}
| SPhrases = {{S26}}, {{S27}}, {{S36/37/39}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}}, {{S63}}
| PEL = 2 ppm
  }}
}}
'''苯胺盐酸盐'''是一种芳香胺的的盐酸盐，是无色片状晶体，它可由[[苯胺]]和[[盐酸]]反应得到。苯胺盐酸盐可溶于水，在30ω%以上浓度的乙醇水溶液中，随着乙醇浓度的增加，其溶解度快速下降。<ref>孙顺平, 李志宝. [https://www.ixueshu.com/document/6d4584ceabbc87bc318947a18e7f9386.html 苯胺盐酸盐在乙醇-水体系中的溶解度测定和混合溶剂电解质模型] {{Wayback|url=https://www.ixueshu.com/document/6d4584ceabbc87bc318947a18e7f9386.html |date=20190421095531 }}. 过程工程学报, 2011, 11(5):777-781.</ref>

== 制备 ==
苯胺盐酸盐可由弱碱性的[[苯胺]]和浓盐酸发生中和反应得到：
: <ce>C6H5NH2\ + HCl -> C6H5NH3^+Cl^-</ce>

此外，实验室还能通过[[锡]]和[[盐酸]]还原[[硝基苯]]得到。
: <ce>2C6H5NO2\ + 3Sn\ + 14HCl -> 2C6H5NH3^+Cl^- \ + 3SnCl4\ + 4H2O</ce>

== 化学性质及用途 ==
苯胺盐酸盐可以和强碱反应，生成苯胺：
: <ce>C6H5N^+ H3Cl^- \ + NaOH -> C6H5NH2\ + NaCl\ + H2O</ce>

苯胺盐酸盐是一种[[染料]]的中間体，将其浸渍到纤维上并对其氧化，可以得到一种叫做[[苯胺黑]]的不溶性黑色染料，可用于染色。此外，亚硝酸在5 °C以下与之反应，生成重氮盐的氯化物，和酚盐混合，发生重氮偶合反应，产生红色至黄色的颜色，用于染色。
: <ce>C6H5N^+ H3Cl^- \ + HNO2 -> C6H5N^+ NCl^- \ + 2H2O</ce>
: <ce>C6H5N^+ NCl^- \ + C6H5ONa -> C6H5\ - N=N\ - C6H5OH</ce>

苯胺盐酸盐和亚硝胺反应而显色，被用于亚硝胺的检验。<ref>魏天俊, 杨清堂, 潘载炳. 亚硝胺板层分析法的一种新显色剂——苯胺盐酸盐的简易快速制法. 肿瘤防治研究, 1977, 5(2):76-80.</ref>

== 参考文献 ==
<references/>

== 参见 ==
* [[苯胺]]

== 外部链接 ==
* [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc10/icsc1013.htm Safety data] {{Wayback|url=http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc10/icsc1013.htm |date=20081030063717 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050305175605/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/AN/aniline_hydrochloride.html Safety MSDS Data]
*[http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1013.htm Safety at inchem.org] {{Wayback|url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics1013.htm |date=20190127153042 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070713124743/http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/demonstrations/Gen_Chem_Pages/22organicpage/aniline_hydrochloride-form.htm Aniline Hydrochloride-Formaldehyde Polymer]

[[Category:苯胺]]
[[Category:有机物盐酸盐]]
[[Category:有机铵化合物]]