查看“︁磷酸鉀”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 442343633
| ImageFile = Tripotassium phosphate.png
| ImageSize = 150px
| ImageFile1 = Kaliumphosphat.png
| ImageSize1 = 200px
| ImageCaption1 = Unit cell of tripotassium phosphate.
| ImageAlt1 = Unit cell of the anhydrous tripotassium phosphate under standard conditions (low temperature modification).
| ImageFile2 = K3PO4_sample.jpg
| IUPACName = Potassium phosphate
| SystematicName = Potassium tetraoxidophosphate(3−)
| OtherNames = Potassium phosphate, tribasic
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 56408
| CASNo = 7778-53-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 62657
| SMILES = [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K
 }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 212.27 g/mol
| Appearance = 白色吸湿性粉末
| Density = 2.564 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (17 °C)
| MeltingPtC = 1380
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 90 g/100 mL (20 °C)
| SolubleOther = 难溶
| Solvent = [[乙醇]]
| pKb = 1.6
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Structure_ref = <ref name="#1">{{DOI|10.1134/S0020168506080206}}</ref>
| CrystalStruct = [[正交晶系|正交P]]
| LattConst_a = 1.123772 nm
| LattConst_b = 0.810461 nm
| LattConst_c = 0.592271 nm
| LattConst_ref = <ref name="#1"/>
| SpaceGroup = Pnma, No. 62
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/p6060.htm MSDS]
| MainHazards = 刺激性
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S = 
| RPhrases = {{R36}}-{{R38}}
| SPhrases = {{S26}}-{{S36}}
| FlashPt = 不可燃
 }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = 
| OtherCations = [[磷酸钠]]<br/>[[磷酸铵]]<br/>[[磷酸钙]]
| OtherCompounds = [[磷酸二氫鉀]]<br/>[[磷酸氫二鉀]]
  }}
}}

'''磷酸鉀'''是[[鉀]]的[[磷酸鹽]]，[[化学式]]为K<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>，常见无水物和一水合物。<ref name=CB>[https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB7206120.htm 磷酸钾] {{Wayback|url=https://www.chemicalbook.com/ProductChemicalPropertiesCB7206120.htm |date=20181121122037 }}. ChemicalBoook. [2018-11-21]</ref>

==制备==
磷酸钾可由[[磷酸铵]]（(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>）和[[氯化钾]]（KCl）的[[复分解反应]]制得，[[溶解度]]较小的一者将[[沉淀]]：<ref>{{Citation|title=Cyclic process for producing tripotassium phosphate and ammonium chloride|date=1968-10-15|url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3591359A/en|accessdate=2018-04-27|archive-date=2019-06-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190606161738/https://patents.google.com/patent/US3591359A/en|dead-url=no}}</ref>
:<chem>(NH4)3PO4 + 3KCl -> K3PO4 + 3NH4Cl</chem>

氢氧化钾和[[磷酸]]或[[磷酸二氢钾]]的反应也用于制备磷酸钾：<ref name=CB />
: <chem> 3KOH + H3PO4 -> K3PO4 + 3H2O</chem>
: <chem> 2KOH + KH2PO4 -> K3PO4 + 2H2O</chem>
: <chem> KOH + K2HPO4 -> K3PO4 + H2O</chem>

==用途==
磷酸钾可用作肥料<ref>施学鹏. 磷酸钾和低氟磷酸的工业性生产[J]. 化肥工业, 1979(4):73-76.</ref>、催化剂<ref>刘亚丽, 刘德娥, 陈战国. 磷酸钾催化的α-氰基肉桂酸乙酯与二溴海因区域选择性氨溴加成反应[C]// 中国化学会学术年会. 2014.</ref>等。
==参考文献==
{{reflist}}

==参见==
* [[磷酸二氢钾]]（KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>）
* [[磷酸氢二钾]]（K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>）
* [[焦磷酸钾]]（K<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>）
* [[磷酸钠]]（Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>）

{{鉀化合物}}
{{磷酸盐}}

[[Category:磷酸鹽]]
[[Category:钾化合物]]
[[Category:化學肥料]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]
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