查看“︁磷酸氢二铵”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
|   Name = 磷酸氢二铵
|ImageFile=Diammonium phosphate.png
|   IUPACName =Diammonium hydrogen phosphate
|   OtherNames = 磷酸氫銨<br />磷酸一氫銨
|Reference=<ref name="hand">Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, {{ISBN|0-07-049439-8}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 22946
| ChEBI = 63051
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 10LGE70FSU
| InChI = 1/2H3N.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-1
| SMILES = [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O
| InChIKey = MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-REWHXWOFAG
| StdInChI = 1S/2H3N.H3O4P/c;;1-5(2,3)4/h2*1H3;(H3,1,2,3,4)
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo = 7783-28-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 24540
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 132.06
| Appearance = 无色单斜晶系固体
| Density = 1.619 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = 155
| Melting_notes = 分解
| Solubility = 57.5 g/100 mL (10 °C) <br/> 106.7 g/100 mL (70 °C)
| SolubleOther = 不溶于[[乙醇]]、[[丙酮]]和[[液氨]]
| RefractIndex = 1.52
}}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = −1566.91 kJ/mol
| DeltaHc =
| Entropy =
| HeatCapacity =}}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0217.htm ICSC 0217]
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =不可燃
}}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[磷酸二氢铵]]<br/>[[磷酸铵]]
| OtherCations = [[磷酸一氢钠]]<br/>[[磷酸一氢钾]]
| OtherCpds = [[硝酸铵]]<br/>[[硫酸铵]]
}}
}}
'''磷酸氫二銨'''，或稱'''磷酸氫銨'''、'''磷酸一氫銨'''，是一種白色的晶體，水溶液呈中性。分子式為(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>，可溶於[[水]]，加熱至155℃分解。

磷酸一氢铵会逐漸的分解釋放出[[氨氣]]，而形成[[磷酸二氢铵]]。<ref>{{cite book |title=Phosphorus And Its Compounds - Volume I: Chemistry |page=503 |author=John R Van Wazer |year=1958 |publisher=Interscience Publishers, Inc |place=New York}}</ref>

:<chem>(NH4)2HPO4 <=> NH3 ^ + (NH4)H2PO4</chem>

==用处==
磷酸一氢铵可用作[[肥料]]。<ref name=IPNI2014>{{cite web
| last1 =IPNI
| title =Diammonium Phosphate
| url =http://www.ipni.net/publication/nss.nsf/0/66D92CC07C016FA7852579AF00766CBD/$FILE/NSS-17%20Diammonium%20Phosphate.pdf
| website =www.ipni.net
| publisher =International Plant Nutrition Institute
| access-date =21 July 2014
| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20150924035955/http://www.ipni.net/publication/nss.nsf/0/66D92CC07C016FA7852579AF00766CBD/$FILE/NSS-17%20Diammonium%20Phosphate.pdf
| archive-date =24 September 2015
| url-status =live
}}</ref>当用作植物的肥料时，它会暂时增加[[土壤]]的[[pH]]，但经过长时间的硝化处理后，用磷酸一氢铵处理过的土壤会变得比以前更具[[酸性]]。由于[[铵]]在高碱性环境下会被转换成[[氨]]，所以磷酸一氢铵和[[碱]]不相容。磷酸一氢铵溶液的平均pH是7.5–8。<ref name='IPNI - DAP'>{{cite web |url= http://www.ipni.net/publication/nss.nsf/0/66D92CC07C016FA7852579AF00766CBD/$FILE/NSS-17%20Diammonium%20Phosphate.pdf |title= Nutrient Source Specifics: Diammonium Phosphate |access-date= 2012-12-10 |author= International Plant Nutrition Institute |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121021041202/http://www.ipni.net/publication/nss.nsf/0/66D92CC07C016FA7852579AF00766CBD/$FILE/NSS-17%20Diammonium%20Phosphate.pdf |archive-date= 2012-10-21 |url-status= live }}</ref>

磷酸一氢铵也可以用作[[阻燃剂]]。它降低了材料的燃烧温度，降低了最大重量损失率，并增加残留物。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=George |first1=C.W. |last2=Susott |first2=R.A. |title=Effects of Ammonium Phosphate and Sulfate on the Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulose |publisher=USDA Forest Service |journal=Research Paper INT-90 |place=Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station |date=April 1971 |url=https://openlibrary.org/b/OL16022833M/Effects_of_ammonium_phosphate_and_sulfate_on_the_pyrolysis_and_combustion_of_cellulose |access-date=2022-01-07 |archive-date=2023-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922192724/https://openlibrary.org/books/OL16022833M/Effects_of_ammonium_phosphate_and_sulfate_on_the_pyrolysis_and_combustion_of_cellulose |dead-url=no }}</ref>这些性质可用于扑灭野火，因为降低[[热裂解]]温度和增加形成的焦炭量会减少可用燃料的量，并可能形成[[防火道]]。它是一些流行的商业消防产品的最大成分，也是“阻燃”卷烟的成分。<ref name="phoscheck">[http://phos-chek.com/uploads/File/pdfs/retardant/Phos-Chek%20259F,%20259R,%20259W%20MSDS.pdf Phos-Chek MSDS]{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Phos-Chek website</ref>

磷酸一氢铵也可用于{{le|酵母可同化的氮|yeast assimilable nitrogen|酿酒}}和酿[[蜂蜜酒]]中的酵母营养素，某些品牌卷烟的添加剂（据称是[[尼古丁]] 强剂），防止火柴余辉，[[糖]]的纯化，焊接锡、铜、锌和黄铜的[[助焊剂]]，以及控制[[羊毛]]上可溶于碱但不溶于酸的胶体染料[[沉淀]]。<ref name="hand"/>

==天然存在==
磷酸一氢铵在天然中以罕见矿物phosphammite存在。<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-3197.html|title=Phosphammite|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-date=2022-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107055708/https://www.mindat.org/min-3197.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm|title=List of Minerals|date=21 March 2011|website=www.ima-mineralogy.org|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-date=2021-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220223545/https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>相关的磷酸二氢铵则以矿物biphosphammite的形式存在。<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-678.html|title=Biphosphammite|website=www.mindat.org|access-date=8 November 2020|archive-date=2022-01-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107055712/https://www.mindat.org/min-678.html|dead-url=no}}</ref><ref name="auto"/>它们都与鸟粪沉积物有关。<ref name="auto2"/><ref name="auto1"/>

==参考资料==
{{Reflist}}

==外部連結==
*[http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz1/1171jfmed.htm http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz1/1171jfmed.htm] {{Wayback|url=http://www.chemyq.com/xz/xz1/1171jfmed.htm |date=20081202121544 }}
{{铵化合物}}
{{磷酸盐}}

[[Category:銨鹽]]
[[Category:磷酸一氢盐]]
[[Category:化學肥料]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]