查看“︁磷酸亚铁”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile1 = Fosforečnan železnatý.PNG
| ImageSize1 = 200px
| ImageFile = Iron(II) phosphate.svg
| ImageSize = 150px
| IUPACName = Iron(II) phosphate
| OtherNames = 磷酸铁(II)
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 14940-41-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = D07L04MRWI
| PubChem = 9863567
| EC_number = 239-018-0
| SMILES = [O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-]P(=O)([O-])[O-].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/3Fe.2H3O4P/c;;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;;;2*(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+2;;/p-6
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = SDEKDNPYZOERBP-UHFFFAOYSA-H
| ChemSpiderID = 8039263
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|  Fe=3|O=8|P=2
|  Appearance = 无色固体<ref name="spektrum.de">{{cite web|url=https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/eisenphosphate/2781|title=Eisenphosphate Lexikon der Chemie|access-date=2022-11-22|archive-date=2022-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122064637/https://www.spektrum.de/lexikon/chemie/eisenphosphate/2781|dead-url=no}}</ref><br />蓝灰色晶体（八水）<ref>CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 95 ed. CRC Press, 2014</ref>
|  Density = 3.94 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="Kostiner" /><br />2.58 g/cm<sup>3</sup>（八水合物）<ref name="Jean D'Ans, Ellen Lax">{{cite book | author=Jan D'Ans | author2=Ellen Lax | last3=Blachnik | first3=Roger | title=Taschenbuch für Chemiker und Physiker : Band III: Elemente, anorganische Verbindungen und Materialien, Minerale | publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg | date=2013| isbn=978-3-642-58842-6 | oclc=913685219 | language=de |page=458}}</ref>
|  MeltingPtC = 180
|  Melting_notes = （八水合物）分解<ref name=chemister>{{cite web|title=iron(II) phosphate octahydrate|url=http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=4417|website=chemister.ru|accessdate=2 July 2014|archive-date=2014-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140503152535/http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=4417|dead-url=no}}</ref>
|  BoilingPt = 
|  Solubility = 不溶（八水）<ref name="Curt Hunnius">{{cite book | last=Hunnius | first=Curt | last2=Burger | first2=Artur | title=Hunnius pharmazeutisches Wörterbuch | publication-place=Berlin | date=2020 | isbn=978-3-11-086901-9 | oclc=1138499573 | language=de|page=469}}</ref>
|SolubleOther=不溶于乙醇，可溶于酸（八水）<ref name="Curt Hunnius" />
}}
}}
'''磷酸亚铁'''是[[磷酸]]的[[铁]]盐，[[化学式]]Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>。它在自然界中以[[蓝铁矿]]形式存在<ref name="Warner">{{cite journal | last=Warner | first=Joanne K. | last2=Cheetham | first2=Anthony K. | last3=Nord | first3=Anders G. | last4=Von Dreele | first4=Robert B. | last5=Yethiraj | first5=Mohana | title=Magnetic structure of iron(II) phosphate, sarcopside, Fe3(PO4)2 | journal=Journal of Materials Chemistry | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | volume=2 | issue=2 | year=1992 | issn=0959-9428 | doi=10.1039/jm9920200191 | page=191}}</ref>，可用作[[肥料]]。<ref name="Eynard" />

== 制备 ==
磷酸亚铁可以由[[硫酸亚铁]]和[[磷酸钠]]溶液反应而成：<ref name="spektrum.de"/>
:3 FeSO<sub>4</sub> + 2 Na<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> → Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>↓ + 3 Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
[[磷酸]]和铁直接反应只会得到Fe(H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O<ref name="spektrum.de"/>。无水磷酸亚铁可以由[[硝酸铁]]和[[磷酸二氢铵]]反应，然后加热产生的棕色物质而成。<ref name="Warner" />

== 物理性质 ==
无水磷酸亚铁呈[[单斜晶系]]，空间群P2<sub>1</sub>/c (No. 14)。<ref name="Kostiner">{{cite journal | last=Kostiner | first=E. | last2=Rea | first2=J. R. | title=Crystal structure of ferrous phosphate, Fe3(PO4)2 | journal=Inorganic Chemistry | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=13 | issue=12 | year=1974 | issn=0020-1669 | doi=10.1021/ic50142a021 | pages=2876–2880}}</ref>其四水合物和八水合物的晶体结构也是单斜晶系，空间群分别为P2<sub>1</sub>/a (No. 14)和C2/m (No. 12)。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Abrahams | first=S. C. | last2=Bernstein | first2=J. L. | title=Crystal Structure of Paramagnetic Ludlamite, Fe3(PO4)2·4H2O, at 298°K | journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics | publisher=AIP Publishing | volume=44 | issue=6 | date=1966-03-15 | issn=0021-9606 | doi=10.1063/1.1727026 | pages=2223–2229}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Meijer | first=H.C. | last2=Van den Handel | first2=J. | last3=Frikkee | first3=E. | title=Magnetic behaviour of vivianite, Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O | journal=Physica | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=34 | issue=3 | year=1967 | issn=0031-8914 | doi=10.1016/0031-8914(67)90015-8 | pages=475–483}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Bartl | first=H. | title=Water of crystallization and its hydrogen-bonded crosslinking in vivianite Fe3(PO4)2 · 8H2O; a neutron diffraction investigation | journal=Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=333 | issue=4-5 | year=1989 | issn=0016-1152 | doi=10.1007/bf00572335 | pages=401–403}}</ref>

刚沉淀产生的八水合磷酸亚铁是蓝灰色固体，在空气氧化下转变成靛蓝色。对其进一步氧化会破坏其晶体结构，产生黄棕色的无定形体。<ref name="Eynard">{{cite journal | last=Eynard | first=A. | last2=Campillo | first2=M. C. | last3=Barrón | first3=V. | last4=Torrent | first4=J. | title=Use of vivianite (Fe3(PO4)2.8H2O) to prevent iron chlorosis in calcareous soils | journal=Fertilizer Research | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=31 | issue=1 | year=1992 | issn=0167-1731 | doi=10.1007/bf01064228 | pages=61–67}}</ref>

== 化学性质 ==
* 与[[磷酸]]反应，形成[[酸式盐]]：
:<math>\mathsf{Fe_3(PO_4)_2 + H_3PO_4 \ \xrightarrow{}\ 3FeHPO_4 }</math>
:<math>\mathsf{Fe_3(PO_4)_2 + 4H_3PO_4 \ \xrightarrow{}\ 3Fe(H_2PO_4)_2 }</math>

* 与[[氢]]反应生成[[磷化物]]：
:<math>\mathsf{Fe_3(PO_4)_2 + 8H_2 \ \xrightarrow{T}\ Fe_3P_2 + 8H_2O }</math>

* 水合物加热分解：
:<math>\mathsf{Fe_3(PO_4)_2\cdot 8H_2O \ \xrightarrow[-H_2O]{T}\ Fe_3(PO_4)_2\cdot 4H_2O \ \xrightarrow[-H_2O]{180^oC}\ Fe_3(PO_4)_2 }</math>

磷酸亚铁可以和[[肼|N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]]形成各种配合物，如深绿色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·3N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O<ref name=":0">{{cite book|title=Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 32, Pages 919-1821|author=British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR.|publisher=British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry|date=1987|page=973|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=pSvzAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions:0AFLRE71dm0EVrAhC6e_bDla_HH3RDUv4k8BNSua6edK6O_Gipfaqelw&hl=zh-CN&lr=|access-date=2022-11-22|archive-date=2022-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122012811/https://books.google.com.my/books?id=pSvzAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions:0AFLRE71dm0EVrAhC6e_bDla_HH3RDUv4k8BNSua6edK6O_Gipfaqelw&hl=zh-CN&lr=|dead-url=no}}</ref>、白色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·2.75H<sub>2</sub>O、<ref>{{cite book|title=Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 27, Pages 1-913|author=British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR.|publisher=British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry|date=1982|page=831|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=VldHAQAAIAAJ&dq=editions:0AFLRE71dm0EVrAhC6e_bDla_HH3RDUv4k8BNSua6edK6O_Gipfaqelw&hl=zh-CN&lr=|access-date=2022-11-22|archive-date=2022-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122012736/https://books.google.com.my/books?id=VldHAQAAIAAJ&dq=editions:0AFLRE71dm0EVrAhC6e_bDla_HH3RDUv4k8BNSua6edK6O_Gipfaqelw&hl=zh-CN&lr=|dead-url=no}}</ref>浅绿色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·8H<sub>2</sub>O<ref>{{cite book|title=Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 32, Pages 919-1821|author=British Library. Lending Division, Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain), Chemical Society (Great Britain), Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR.|publisher=British Library Lending Division with the cooperation of the Royal Society of Chemistry|date=1987|page=974|url=https://books.google.com.my/books?id=pSvzAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions:0AFLRE71dm0EVrAhC6e_bDla_HH3RDUv4k8BNSua6edK6O_Gipfaqelw&hl=zh-CN&lr=|access-date=2022-11-22|archive-date=2022-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122012811/https://books.google.com.my/books?id=pSvzAAAAMAAJ&dq=editions:0AFLRE71dm0EVrAhC6e_bDla_HH3RDUv4k8BNSua6edK6O_Gipfaqelw&hl=zh-CN&lr=|dead-url=no}}</ref>以及白色的Fe<sub>3</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·7N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·nH<sub>2</sub>O。<ref name=":0"/>它们都会爆炸。

== 参见 ==
* [[磷酸铁]]

== 参考 ==
{{reflist}}

== 延伸阅读 ==
* {{cite book
 |title = Химическая энциклопедия |editor = Редкол.: Кнунянц И.Л. и др. |location = М. |publisher = Советская энциклопедия
 |year = 1990 |series = 2 |pages = 671 |id=ISBN 5-82270-035-5
}}
* {{cite book
 |title = Справочник химика |edition = 2-е изд., испр |editor = Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. |location = М.-Л.
 |publisher = Химия |year = 1966 |series = 1 |pages = 1072
}}
* {{cite book
 |title = Справочник химика |edition = 3-е изд., испр |editor = Редкол.: Никольский Б.П. и др. |location = Л.
 |publisher = Химия |year = 1971 |series = 2 |pages = 1168
}}
* {{cite book
 |author = Рипан Р., Четяну И. |title = Неорганическая химия. Химия металлов |location = М. |publisher = Мир
 |year = 1972 |series = 2 |pages = 871
}}
{{Commons cat|Iron(II) phosphate}}

{{铁化合物}}
{{磷酸盐}}

[[Category:二价铁化合物]]
[[Category:磷酸盐]]