查看“︁碳酸氢铵”︁的源代码

{{expand language|1=en|page=Ammonium bicarbonate|time=2020-02-26T06:38:59+00:00}}
{{Chembox
|   Name = 碳酸氫銨
|   ImageFile = Ammonium_bicarbonate.svg
|   IUPACName = 碳酸氫銨
| OtherNames = 臭粉
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 1066-33-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  UNII_Ref  = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|  UNII  =  45JP4345C9
|  UNNumber  =  3077
|  PubChem  =  14013
|  InChI  =  1/CH2O3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);1H3
|  SMILES  =  [O-]C(=O)O.[NH4+]
|  InChIKey  =  ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYAW
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/CH2O3.H3N/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);1H3
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|  RTECS  =  BO8600000
|  EC_number  =  213-911-5
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  = 13395
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>
|   MolarMass = 79.05563 
|   Solubility = 11.9 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 21.6 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 36.6 g/100 mL (40 °C)
|   SolubleOther = 不溶於[[甲醇]]
|   Density = 1.586 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|   MeltingPt = 106&nbsp;°C [[昇華]]}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS = [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc13/icsc1333.htm ICSC 1333]
|   EUIndex = Not listed
|   MainHazards = 分解及釋放[[氨]]
|   NFPA-H = 2
|   NFPA-F = 0
|   NFPA-R = 0
|   FlashPt = 非易燃
|   RPhrases = 
|   SPhrases = 
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[碳酸銨]]
|   OtherCations = [[碳酸氫鈉]]<br/>[[碳酸氫鉀]]
|   OtherCpds = 
  }}
}}

'''碳酸氫銨'''（Ammonium bicarbonate）是[[氨]]的[[碳酸鹽]]，分子式为NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub>。

[[二氧化碳]]通入[[碳酸铵]]溶液中可得到碳酸氢铵。它是白色粉末，有類似氨的刺激性气味，在水中[[溶解度]]不大。碳酸氢铵溶液放置在空气中或在加热时会释放二氧化碳，使溶液[[碱性]]增强。

== 特性 ==
碳酸氫銨在室溫下是一種白色結晶，帶有輕微[[氨]]氣氣味的粉末，溶於[[水]]形成鹼性[[溶液]]。但不溶於[[丙酮]]和[[醇]]類。碳酸氫銨在 36~60&nbsp;°C時會分解產生氨氣、[[二氧化碳]]和水。

<chem>NH4HCO3 -> NH3 ^ + CO2 ^ + H2O</chem>

這是[[吸热反应|吸熱]]的過程（和許多銨鹽一樣，會使水溫下降）。與[[酸]]反應產生二氧化碳，與[[鹼]]則產生氨氣。

== 应用 ==
在[[小苏打]]（<chem>NaHCO3</chem>）出现之前，碳酸氢铵在食品工业中作为[[膨松剂]]。例如，[[姜饼]]及中式的[[油条]]。除了[[小苏打]]之外，碳酸氢铵仍然在许多食品中使用。另外许多烘焙食谱，尤其是来自[[斯堪地纳维亚]]則称它为鹿角精（hartshorn或hornsalt） <ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.studenttorget.no/index.php?artikkelid=849 | title=separation of hornsalt | accessdate=2008-02-29 | archive-date=2009-04-24 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424221136/http://www.studenttorget.no/index.php?artikkelid=849 | dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.tranexp.com:2000/InterTran?type=url&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studenttorget.no%2Findex.php%3Fartikkelid%3D849&text=&from=nor&to=eng | title="separation of hornsalt" translated into English | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424220321/http://www.tranexp.com:2000/InterTran?type=url&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studenttorget.no%2Findex.php%3Fartikkelid%3D849&text=&from=nor&to=eng | archivedate=2009-04-24 }}</ref>。它可以被[[小苏打]]所取代。<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.ochef.com/539.htm | title=What is hartshorn? | accessdate=2007-03-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070401184630/http://www.ochef.com/539.htm | archive-date=2007-04-01 | dead-url=yes }}</ref>

在中国，碳酸氢铵被通常当作一种平价的氮[[肥料|肥]]使用，但目前已逐渐被[[尿素]]所取代，因为后者较前者廉价且稳定。这种化合物被用作灭火化合物、医药、[[染料]]和颜料产品的一种成份，它也是一种提供氨的基本肥料。碳酸氢铵仍然在塑胶和橡胶工业、陶器制作、铬鞣革和合成催化剂上被广为使用。

== 安全性 ==
通過直接接觸，碳酸氫銨會對皮膚、眼和呼吸系統造成刺激。<ref>{{Cite web|last=Bicarbonate|first=Ammonium|title=Hazardous Substance Fact Sheet|url=https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0088.pdf|url-status=no|publisher=New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services|language=en|access-date=2023-02-12|archive-date=2023-03-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307042230/https://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0088.pdf}}</ref>在[[1987年长子县化肥厂污染水源事故]]中，饮用受污染水源的人出现了急性中毒反应。<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-03-30|title=长治大事记（1987） -长治市情网|url=http://www.dfz.changzhi.gov.cn/lm_event_content.jsp?urltype=news.NewsContentUrl&wbnewsid=262160&wbtreeid=21799|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330142919/http://www.dfz.changzhi.gov.cn/lm_event_content.jsp?urltype=news.NewsContentUrl&wbnewsid=262160&wbtreeid=21799|archive-date=2014-03-30|access-date=2014-03-30|website=长治市情网}}</ref>

== 參考文獻 ==
<references />

== 參見 ==
*[[碳酸銨]]

[[Category:铵盐]]
[[Category:碳酸氢鹽]]
[[Category:膨鬆劑]]
[[Category:化學肥料]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]