查看“︁碳酸乙叉酯”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Verifiedimages = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 428970576
| ImageFileL1_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}}
| ImageFileL1 = Ethylene carbonate.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 130
| ImageAltL1 = Skeletal formula of ethylene carbonate
| ImageFileR1 = Ethylene carbonate 3D ball.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 110
| ImageAltR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the ethylene carbonate molecule
| IUPACName = 1,3-dioxolan-2-one
| OtherNames = ethylene glycol carbonate<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=7303
|title=CID 7303 -- PubChem Compound Summary
|publisher=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
|accessdate=2008-03-15
|last=
|first=
|archive-date=2012-10-13
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121013153421/http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=7303
|dead-url=no
}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 7030
| InChI = 1/C3H4O3/c4-3-5-1-2-6-3/h1-2H2
| InChIKey = KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYAD
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C3H4O3/c4-3-5-1-2-6-3/h1-2H2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 96-49-1
| PubChem = 7303
| SMILES = C1COC(=O)O1
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=3|H=4|O=3
| Appearance = 色調白至黃的固體
| Density = 1.3210 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = {{convert|34| -| 37|C|K}}
| BoilingPtC = 243.0
| Solubility = 可溶
  }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| EUClass = 具刺激性 ('''XI''')
| RPhrases = {{R41}}
| SPhrases = {{S26}} {{S39}}
| FlashPt = 150℃
| Autoignition = 465℃
| ExternalSDS = [https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/09022.htm External MSDS]
  }}
}}
'''碳酸乙烯酯'''（{{lang-en|Ethylene carbonate}}，缩寫'''EC'''）是[[结构式]]为[[C3H4O3|(CH<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>CO]]的[[有机化合物]]，可看作[[碳酸]]和[[乙二醇]]酯化形成的[[环状化合物|环状]][[碳酸酯]]，在室温（25°C）下为無色透明晶體，易溶於水，在其[[熔点]]（34-37°C）以上，它是無色無味的液體<ref name=jeffsol>[http://www.huntsman.com/performance_products/Media/JEFFSOL%C2%AE_ETHYLENE_CARBONATE.pdf  JEFFSOL ETHYLENE CARBONATE] {{Wayback|url=http://www.huntsman.com/performance_products/Media/JEFFSOL%C2%AE_ETHYLENE_CARBONATE.pdf |date=20120722104455 }} catalog entry at www.huntsman.com. Accessed on 2010-02-18.</ref>。

== 製備方式及會進行的反應 ==
碳酸乙烯酯可由在不同種的[[陽離子]]和[[錯合物]]催化下，由[[环氧乙烷|環氧乙烷]]和[[二氧化碳]]反應製得：<ref name="ullmann">{{Ullmann|doi=10.1002/14356007.a05_197|isbn=3527306730|title=Carbonic Esters|year=2012|last1=Buysch|first1=Hans-Josef}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Sustainable metal-based catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates containing five-membered rings|first1=James W.|last2=Ingram|first2=Ian D. V.|journal=Green Chemistry|issue=4|doi=10.1039/C4GC01719F|year=2015|volume=17|pages=1966–1987|last3=North|first3=Michael|last4=Wu|first4=Xiao|last1=Comerford}}</ref>

: <chem>(CH2)2O +CO2->(CH2O)2CO</chem>

在實驗室中，碳酸乙烯酯也可由在150℃溫度，3千帕的壓力下，在[[氧化鋅]]的催化下由[[尿素]]和[[乙二醇]]的反應製得：<ref name="Bhanage">{{cite journal|title=Transesterification of urea and ethylene glycol to ethylene carbonate as an important step for urea based dimethyl carbonate synthesis|journal=Green Chemistry|issue=4|doi=10.1039/b304182d|year=2003|volume=5|pages=429–432|author1=Bhalchandra M. Bhanage|author2=Shin-ichiro Fujita}}</ref>

: <chem>(NH2)2CO +HO-CH2-CH2-OH->(CH2O)2CO +2NH3</chem>

碳酸乙烯酯（和[[碳酸丙烯酯]]）可由和[[甲醇]]進行的[[酯交換反應]]轉化為[[碳酸二甲酯]]（一種[[溶劑]]和溫和的[[甲基化]]試劑）：

<chem>(CH2O)2CO +2 CH3OH ->CH3OC(O)OCH3 +HO-CH2-CH2-OH</chem>
== 應用 ==
碳酸乙烯酯的分子[[偶极矩]]為4.9 [[德拜|D]]，可作為 [[极性溶剂]] 。<ref name="seward">{{cite journal|title=The Dielectric Constants of Ethylene Carbonate and of Solutions of Ethylene Carbonate in Water, Methanol, Benzene and Propylene Carbonate|journal=J. Phys. Chem.|issue=1|doi=10.1021/j150559a041|year=1958|volume=62|pages=127–128|author1=Ralph P. Seward|author2=Ernest C. Vieira}}</ref><ref name="payne">{{cite journal|title=Dielectric properties and relaxation in ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate|journal=J. Phys. Chem.|issue=20|doi=10.1021/j100664a019|year=1972|volume=76|pages=2892–2900|author1=Richard Payne|author2=Ignatius E. Theodorou}}</ref>

碳酸乙烯酯可作為在[[鋰電池]]和[[鋰離子電池]]中的高[[電容率]]的[[電解質]]組成。其他組成成分如[[碳酸二甲酯]]、[[碳酸甲乙酯]]、[[碳酸二乙酯]]和[[乙酸甲酯]]可以被加入電解質中以降低其[[黏性]]和[[熔點]]。<ref name="logan">{{cite journal|title=A Study of the Physical Properties of Li-Ion Battery Electrolytes Containing Esters|journal=J. Electrochem. Soc.|issue=2|doi=10.1149/2.0271802jes|year=2018|volume=165|pages=A21–A30|osti=1469344|author1=E. R. Logan|author2=J. R. Dahn}}</ref>


碳酸乙烯酯也可作為[[塑化劑]]，和[[碳酸亞乙烯酯]]，一種可用於[[化學合成]]或生成[[聚合物]]的化學物質，的前驅物。

[[草酰氯|草醯氯]]在商業製備上由對於碳酸乙烯酯的光氯化反應生成碳酸四氯乙烯酯作為前驅物：<ref>{{Ullmann|doi=10.1002/14356007.a19_573|title=Photochemistry|year=2000|last1=Pfoertner|first1=Karl-Heinz|isbn=3527306730}}</ref><chem>(CH2O)2CO +4Cl2->(CCl2O)2CO +4HCl</chem>

碳酸四氯乙烯酯可在有三級胺或醯胺的催化下，降解為草醯氯。<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Patent for Process for producing oxalyl chloride and intermediates Patent (Patent # 4,390,708 issued June 28, 1983) - Justia Patents Search|url=https://patents.justia.com/patent/4390708|access-date=2021-06-13|work=patents.justia.com|archive-date=2021-06-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613012206/https://patents.justia.com/patent/4390708|dead-url=no}}</ref><chem>(CCl2O)2CO->(COCl)2 +COCl2</chem>

== 相關條目 ==

* [[碳酸丙烯酯]]
* [[碳酸亞乙烯酯]]
* [[碳酸二乙酯]]
* [[三亞甲基碳酸酯]]
* [[碳酸酯]]
* [[乙烯]]

==参考資料==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:酯类溶剂]]
[[Category:碳酸酯]]
[[Category:塑化劑]]
[[Category:三碳有机物]]
[[Category:亚乙酯]]