查看“︁碳酰溴”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 461301610
| Name = 
| NameEn = Carbonyl bromide
| ImageFileL1 = Bromphosgen.svg
| ImageSizeL1 = 
| ImageNameL1 = Structural formula of carbonyl bromide
| ImageFileR1 = Carbonyl-bromide-3D-balls.png
| ImageNameR1 = Ball-and-stick model of carbonyl bromide
| PIN = Carbonyl dibromide
| OtherNames = 溴光气
| Reference = <ref name="hand">
{{Citation
 | last = Lide
 | first = David R.
 | publication-date =
 | year = 1998
 | title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
 | edition = 87
 | volume = 
 | series =
 | location = Boca Raton, FL
 | place = 
 | publisher = CRC Press
 | id =
 | isbn = 0-8493-0594-2
 | doi =
 | oclc =
 | pages = 3-96, 4-50, 5-26
 | url = 
 | accessdate =
}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 593-95-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNoOther = 
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = MNU12QTS1I
| RTECS = 
| EINECS = 
| PubChem = 79057
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 71389
| SMILES = BrC(Br)=O
| InChI = 1/CBr2O/c2-1(3)4
| InChIKey = MOIPGXQKZSZOQX-UHFFFAOYAM
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/CBr2O/c2-1(3)4
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = MOIPGXQKZSZOQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
 }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = COBr<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass = 187.818
| Appearance = 有强烈气味的无色液体<ref name=":1"/>
| Density = 2.52 g/ml（15 °C）
| MeltingPtC = 
| BoilingPtC = 64.5
| Boiling_notes = 分解
| Solubility = 反应
| SolubleOther = 
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Coordination =
| CrystalStruct = 
 }}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = -127.2或-145.2 [[焦耳每摩尔|kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>]]（液态）<br/>-96.2或-114 [[焦耳每摩尔|kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>]]（气态）
| DeltaHc = 
| Entropy = 309.1 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>（气态）
| HeatCapacity = 61.8 J·mol<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>（气态）
  }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = 
| NFPA-H = 4
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| RPhrases = 
| SPhrases = 
| FlashPt = 
 }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = 
| OtherCations = 
| OtherCpds = [[碳酰氟]]<br/>[[光气]]
 }}
}}

'''碳酰溴'''，又称'''溴光气'''，是一种结构类似[[光气]]的[[有机化合物]]。和光气相似，碳酰溴可以由[[灭火器]]中的[[哈龙]]化合物光解而成。<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/extagent.html |title=Common Fire Extinguishing Agents |author=US Occupational Safety and Health Administration |date=May 1996 |accessdate=2009-11-21 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912001511/http://www.osha.gov/doc/outreachtraining/htmlfiles/extagent.html |archivedate=2009-09-12 }}</ref>它是在1863年由[[Jacob Heinrich Wilhelm Schiel|J. Schiel]]发现的。<ref name=":0">{{cite book | last=Ryan | first=T. Anthony | title=Phosgene and related carbonyl halides | url=https://archive.org/details/phosgenerelatedc0000unse | publisher=Elsevier | publication-place=Amsterdam | date=1996 | isbn=978-0-444-82445-5 | oclc=162130582|page=[https://archive.org/details/phosgenerelatedc0000unse/page/666 666]-667}}</ref>

==制备==
碳酰溴可以由[[四溴甲烷]]和[[硫酸]]在150–170 °C下反应而成，产率50%。<ref name=":0" />
:<math>\mathrm{ CBr_4\ +\  H_2SO_4 \ \xrightarrow[]{}}</math><!--weicher Umbruch--> <math>\mathrm{ \ COBr_2 + \ 2 HBr + \ SO_3 \ \xrightarrow[]{}}</math><!--weicher Umbruch--> <math>\mathrm{ \ COBr_2 + \ SO_2 + \ H_2O + \ Br_2}</math>

和光气不同，碳酰溴不能直接由[[一氧化碳]]和[[溴]]直接化合而成。由于热力学的原因，一氧化碳和溴不会完全反应，而且在室温下反应缓慢。
:CO + Br<sub>2</sub> ⇌ COBr<sub>2</sub>
为了提高反应速率，需要升高温度来使[[化学平衡]]向产物进一步移动（因为Δ<sub>R</sub>H < 0 和 Δ<sub>R</sub>S < 0）。 <ref>{{Cite book |author1=T.A. Ryan |author2=E.A. Seddon |author3=K.R. Seddon |author4=C. Ryan | title = Phosgene: And Related Carbonyl Halides |date=24 May 1996 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=fM43Ny2eFS8C&q=carbonyl+bromide+enthalpy+of+formation&pg=PA900 | pages = 669–671 |isbn=9780080538808 | access-date = April 11, 2015}}</ref>

==反应==
就算在低温下，碳酰溴还是会分解成[[一氧化碳]]和[[溴]]。<ref name="org">{{Citation
 | last1 = Katrizsky
 | first1 = Alan R.
 | author-link = 
 | last2 = Meth-Cohn
 | first2 = Otto
 | author2-link = 
 | last3 = Wees
 | first3 = Charles W.
 | author3-link = 
 | publication-date = 
 | year = 1995
 | title = Organic Functional Group Transformations
 | edition = 
 | volume = 6
 | series = 
 | location = 
 | place = 
 | publisher = Elsevier
 | id = 
 | isbn = 978-0-08-042704-1
 | doi = 
 | oclc = 
 | pages = 417–8
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=YzBveZGm0GEC&pg=PA417
 | accessdate = 2009-11-23
 | archive-date = 2016-06-14
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160614175212/https://books.google.com/books?id=YzBveZGm0GEC&pg=PA417
 | dead-url = no
 }}</ref>它会[[水解]]成[[二氧化碳]]和[[溴化氢]]。<ref name=":1">{{cite book | last=Perry | first=Dale L. | last2=Phillips | first2=Sidney L. | title=Handbook of inorganic compounds | url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofinorga0000unse | publisher=CRC Press | publication-place=Boca Raton | date=1995 | isbn=0-8493-8671-3 | oclc=32347397 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofinorga0000unse/page/n128 101]}}</ref>

==用处==
碳酰溴可以生产染料。<ref name=":1"/>

==参考资料==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:溴氧化物]]
[[Category:羰基化合物]]
[[Category:1860年代发现的物质]]
[[Category:卤氧化碳]]