查看“︁碘化锌”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| IUPACName = Zinc iodide
|   OtherNames = Zinc(II) iodide
| ImageFile = Kristallstruktur Zinkchlorid.png
| ImageName = 四方碘化锌的晶体结构
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 10139-47-6
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|    PubChem  =  66278
|    RTECS  = 
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  59657
|  InChI  =  1/2HI.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
|  InChIKey  =  UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-NUQVWONBAB
|  SMILES  =  I[Zn]I
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/2HI.Zn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  UAYWVJHJZHQCIE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
|  UNII_Ref  = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}|  UNII  =  762R7A0O0B
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = ZnI<sub>2</sub>
|   MolarMass = 319.218 
|   Appearance = 白色固体
|   Density = 4.74 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
|   Solubility = 450 g/100mL (20 °C)
|   SolubleOther = 
|    Solvent = 
|   MeltingPt = 446 °C
|   BoilingPt = ＞625 ºC 分解
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   CrystalStruct = [[四方晶系]]，[[皮尔逊符号|tI96]]
|   SpaceGroup = I4<sub>1</sub>/acd, No. 142
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS = [http://ptcl.chem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/ZI/zinc_iodide.html MSDS]
|   EUHazardSymbol = {{Chembox EUHazardSymbol|Xn}}
|   EUClass = 
|   RPhrases = {{R36/38}}
|   SPhrases = 
|   NFPA-H = 
|   NFPA-F = 
|   NFPA-R = 
|   NFPA-O = 
|   FlashPt =
  }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[氟化锌]]<br/>[[氯化锌]]<br/>[[溴化锌]]
| OtherCations = [[碘化镉]]<br/>[[碘化汞]]
| OtherCpds = [[氰化锌]]
 }}
}}
'''碘化锌'''（化学式：ZnI<sub>2</sub>）是[[锌]]的[[碘化物]]，为无色晶体或白色粉末，有碘析出时会发黄。

==性质==
无色晶体，容易从空气中吸水。很易溶于水，可溶于[[乙醇]]、[[丙酮]]和[[液氨]]，微溶于[[乙醚]]。二水合物和四水合物是已知的，熔点分别为27°C和&minus;7°C。氨合物分别具有 6、5、4 和 2 分子氨。碘化锌的固体和熔体的导电性均较差。

在1150°C左右时，碘化锌蒸气开始分解为锌（或[[一碘化锌]]）和碘。它比其他卤化物更为活泼。加热时可被氢气还原。室温下与氧和水反应，生成[[氧化锌]]和碘。露置于空气中见光析出碘变为棕色。加热时与氧作用或在室温下与[[二氧化氮]]作用也得到同样的产物。它能将[[硫酸]]还原为[[二氧化硫]]，并放出碘。<ref>{{锌分族|pages=713–714}}</ref>

水溶液中存在如下微粒：八面体型的[Zn(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>、[ZnI(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>5</sub>]<sup>+</sup> 和四面体型的 ZnI<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>、ZnI<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sup>−</sup>、ZnI<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>。<ref>{{cite journal en|doi=10.1007/BF00650714|title=Structure determination of zinc iodide complexes formed in aqueous solution|year=1991|author=Wakita, Hisanobu; Johansson, Georg; Sandström, Magnus; Goggin, Peter L.; Ohtaki, Hitoshi|journal=Journal of Solution Chemistry|volume=20|pages=643}}</ref>

正常生成的晶体中包含着由碘形成的六配位锌，在层型结构中呈[[六方密堆积]]（[[碘化镉]]型结构）或[[立方密堆积]]（[[氯化镉]]型结构）。四方晶系的碘化锌的晶体结构与[[氯化锌]]和[[溴化锌]]相同，锌为四配位，四个锌碘四面体共用三个[[頂點 (分子構型)|顶点]]形成 <math>\rm \ Zn_4I_{10}</math> 的结构单元，类似于[[十氧化四磷]]的结构。<ref name = "Wells">{{cite book en|author=Wells A. F.|year=1984|title=Structural Inorganic Chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/structuralinorga0000well_m8i1|edition=5th ed.|publisher=Oxford Science Publications|isbn=0-19-855370-6}}</ref> 

对电子衍射光谱和红外光谱研究表明，碘化锌在气相中为线性分子，Zn-I 键长 238 pm。<ref name = "Wells"/>

==制取==
*可由[[锌]]和[[碘]]一起加热或在水溶液中反应<ref>{{cite journal en|title=Synthesis and Decomposition of Zinc Iodide: Model Reactions for Investigating Chemical Change in the Introductory Laboratory|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-chemical-education_1995-09_72_9/page/836|author=DeMeo, Stephen|journal=J. Chem. Educ.|year=1995|volume=72|pages=836}}</ref> 制得。

*更好的方法是把碘的[[乙醚]]溶液，在锌存在的条件下进行[[回流]]，<ref>{{cite book en|author=Mary Eagleson|year=1994|title=Concise encyclopedia chemistry|url=https://archive.org/details/conciseencyclope00eagl|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=3110114518}}</ref> 然后在减压条件下，温热产物以除去乙醚，最后在400℃升华制取碘化锌。

:<math>\rm \ Zn+I_2\rightarrow ZnI_2</math>

*由[[碘化钡]]与[[硫酸锌]]溶液作用而制得。
:<math>\rm \ BaI_2+ZnSO_4 \rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow +ZnI_2</math>

== 用途 ==
用作有机合成催化剂、防腐剂、电解液<ref>{{cite journal en|journal=United States Patent|volume=4109065|title=Rechargeable aqueous zinc-halogen cell|year=1978}}</ref> 和分析试剂等。<ref>{{cite book en|title=Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures|author=Alan Baker, Stuart Dutton, AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Ast)|isbn=1-56347-540-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book en|title=Plastics Failure Guide|year=1996|url=https://archive.org/details/plasticsfailureg0000ezri_w5a7|author=Myer Ezrin|publisher=Hanser Gardner Publications|isbn=1-56990-184-8}}</ref>与[[四氧化锇]]联用可用于电镜观察的染色，该方法称为碘化锌-锇酸染色法。<ref>{{cite book en|author=M. A. Hayat|title=Principles and Techniques of Electron Microscopy: Biological Applications|year=2000|edition=4th ed.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0521632870}}</ref>

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{Zinc compounds}}
{{碘化物}}

[[Category:锌化合物]]
[[Category:碘化物]]
[[Category:金属卤化物]]