查看“︁碘化钙”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Reference = <ref name="alfa">[http://www.alfa.com/content/msds/german/44254.pdf Sicherheitsdatenblatt (alfa-aesar)]{{Dead link|date=2019年11月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Stand 1. Juni 2009.</ref>
| Name = 碘化钙
| ImageFile = Cadmium-iodide-3D-balls.png
| ImageName = 碘化钙
| IUPACName = Calcium iodide
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 10102-68-8
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 13640-62-5
| CASNo1_Comment = 四水
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
|CASNo2=71626-98-7
|CASNo2_Comment=一水
|CASNo3=7774-34-7
|CASNo3_Comment=六水
|  ChemSpiderID  =  59629
|  InChI  =  1/Ca.2HI/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
|  SMILES  =  [Ca+2].[I-].[I-]
|  InChIKey  =  UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-NUQVWONBAC
|  PubChem  =  66244
|  RTECS  =  EV1300000
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  UNII_Ref  = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|  UNII  =  8EKI9QEE2H
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/Ca.2HI/h;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  UNMYWSMUMWPJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CaI<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass1 = 293.887 g/mol (无水物) <br> 365.95 g/mol (四水合物)
| Appearance = 白色至淡黄色固体
| Density = 3.956 g/cm³<ref name="cond">
{{Citation
 | editor-last= Turner, Jr.
 | editor-first= Francis M.
 | year = 1920
 | title = The Condensed Chemical Dictionary
 | edition = 1st
 | publication-place = New York
 | publisher = Chemical Catalog Co.
 | pages = 127
 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=y8y0XE0nsYEC&pg=PA127&dq=%22calcium+iodide%22+properties&as_brr=1&ei=lUhbR8iyIpDIiQHsqKW7BA | accessdate = 2007-12-08
}}</ref>
| Solubility = 64.6 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 66 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 81 g/100 mL (100 °C)
| SolOther = 可溶于[[醇]]类和[[丙酮]]
| MeltingPt = 779 °C (四水合物，脱水)
| BoilingPt = 1100 °C
 }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   Coordination = 八面体
|   CrystalStruct = 斜方，hP3，空间点群：P-3m1, No. 164
|   Dipole =
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| EUIndex = 刺激性 ('''Xi''')
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 1
| RPhrases = {{R36/38}}
| SPhrases = {{S26}}
 }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[氟化钙]]<br/>[[氯化钙]]<br/>[[溴化钙]]
| OtherCations = [[碘化镁]]<br/>[[碘化锶]]<br/>[[碘化钡]]
 }}
}}

'''碘化钙'''，化学式CaI<sub>2</sub>。

==性质==
六水合碘化钙是一种无色至黄白色味苦有[[潮解性]]的结晶或粉末，易溶于水，微溶于[[乙醇]]、[[丙酮]]，水溶液呈中性。遇酸分解游离出[[碘]]或生成[[氢碘酸]]。六水物与[[碘化铵]]在[[碘化氢]]或干燥氮气流中加热脱水，可得无水物。<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Bc185 结晶碘化钙，页178</ref>

碘化钙会缓慢与空气中的氧气及二氧化碳反应，生成单质碘，从而使其颜色加深。<ref>{{Citation
 | last = Jones
 | first = Harry Clary 
 | author-link = 
 | last2 = 
 | first2 = 
 | publication-date =
 | date =
 | year = 1906
 | title = Principles of Inorganic Chemistry
 | edition =
 | volume =
 | series =
 | publication-place = New York
 | place = 
 | publisher = Macmillan
 | id =
 | isbn =
 | doi =
 | oclc =
 | pages = 365
 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=zWE6AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA365&dq=%22calcium+iodide%22+subject:%22Chemistry,+Inorganic%22&as_brr=1&ei=RUJbR4z9I4yEiQGaw5X3Aw
 | accessdate = 2007-12-08
 | author2 = link
}}</ref>

法国化学家[[亨利·莫瓦桑]]通过用纯金属[[钠]]还原碘化钙，首次制得了单质[[钙]]。<ref>Alain Tressaud: ''Henri Moissan: Chemie-Nobelpreisträger 1906.'' In: ''[[Angewandte Chemie]].'' 2006, 118, S. 6946–6950, {{DOI|10.1002/ange.200601600}}.</ref>

==结构==
无水碘化钙是一种高熔点的固体，为[[六方晶系]][[碘化镉]]型结构。气态时则以直线型分子的形式存在。<ref>Arnold F. Holleman, Nils Wiberg: ''Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie.'' 102. Auflage, de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1, S. 1241.</ref>

==制备==
1、[[碘]]在蒸馏水中与通入的[[硫化氢]]气体反应，生成乳白色的[[碘化氢]]溶液，过滤后加入[[氢氧化钙]]至碱性，再经过滤，得碘化钙溶液。后经脱色、过滤、加热浓缩、稀释、过夜、过滤、加热蒸发浓缩、急速用冰水冷却以及粉碎，得碘化钙成品。<ref name="zghg" />
:<math>\rm \ H_2S+I_2\rightarrow 2HI+S</math>
:<math>\rm \ 2HI+Ca(OH)_2\rightarrow CaI_2+2H_2O</math>

2、由[[碘]]与[[铁]]化合制得的[[碘化亚铁]]与[[氢氧化钙]]反应而得。
:<math>\rm \ FeI_2+Ca(OH)_2\rightarrow CaI_2+Fe(OH)_2</math>

==用途==
碘化钙在医药上是[[碘化钾]]的代用品。此外它也用作照相胶卷的感光乳剂、[[碘化氢]]的干燥剂。消防工业中用于配制灭火剂。<ref name="zghg" />

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}

{{鈣化合物}}
{{碘化合物}}

[[Category:钙化合物]]
[[Category:碘化物]]
[[Category:碱土金属卤化物]]

[[Category:潮解物质]]