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{{chembox | Name = 硫酸铝铵 | NameEn = Ammonium aluminium sulfate anhydrous（无水硫酸铝铵）<br />Ammonium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate（十二水合硫酸铝铵） | OtherNames = 铵明矾（十二水） | CustomizedImage = [[File:Ammonium aluminium dodecahydrate.svg|350px|Ammonium aluminium sulfate dodecahydrate]] | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo = 7784-25-0 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CASNo1 = 7784-26-1 | CASNo1_Comment = 十二水 | CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | EINECS = 232-055-3 | RTECS = WS5640010 | InChI = 1/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3 | StdInChI = 1S/Al.H3N.2H2O4S/c;;2*1-5(2,3)4/h;1H3;2*(H2,1,2,3,4)/q+3;;;/p-3 | InChIKey = LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-DFZHHIFOAY | StdInChIKey = LCQXXBOSCBRNNT-UHFFFAOYSA-K | ChemSpiderID = | SMILES = [Al+3].[O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[NH4+] | KEGG = D02842 | KEGG_Comment = 十二水 | PubChem = 3032540 | PubChem1 = 62668 | PubChem1_Comment = 十二水 | EC_number_Comment = 616-522-2（十二水） | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}| ChemSpiderID1_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}| ChemSpiderID1 = 56419 | ChemSpiderID1_Comment = 十二水 | UNII = DPU64XYB1D | UNII1 = 5C36DRL9ZN | UNII1_Comment =十二水 }} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties | Formula = (NH<sub>4</sub>)Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>（无水）<br />(NH<sub>4</sub>)Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O（十二水） | MolarMass = 237.146 g/mol（无水）<br />453.329 g/mol（十二水）<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "> {{Cite book | date = 2016-06-24 | title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition | accessdate = 2018-07-31 | pages = 4-44 | language = 英语 | ISBN = 1-4987-5428-7 }} </ref> | Appearance = 白色粉末（无水）<br />无色晶体或粉末（十二水）<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> | Density = 2.45 g/cm<sup>3</sup>（无水）<ref name="RubberBible74">Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. B-74</ref><ref name="RubberBible75">Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. B-75</ref><br />1.65 g/cm<sup>3</sup>（十二水）<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> | MeltingPt = 94.5 °C（十二水）<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> | BoilingPt = 大于280 °C ''脱水''（十二水）<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> | Solubility = 15 g/100 ml (20 °C，十二水)<ref name="RubberBible74">Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. B-74</ref><ref name="RubberBible75">Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. B-75</ref> | SolubleOther = 不溶于乙醇<br />微溶于水（无水）<br />易溶于水（十二水）<ref name=" CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 97th Edition "/> }} | Section3 = {{Chembox Structure | CrystalStruct = [[六方]]（无水）<br />[[立方]]（十二水） | SpaceGroup = | Coordination = [[八面体]]（Al<sup>3+</sup>） | LattConst_a = }} | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards | Reference = <ref>HSNO Chemical Classification Information Database (New Zealand Environmental Risk Management Authority), http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/Chemicals/ChemicalDisplay.aspx?SubstanceID=15938{{dead link|date=2018年1月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, retrieved 2009-11-23 .</ref> | GHSPictograms = {{Chembox GHSPictograms|7}} | GHSSignalWord = WARNING | HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319}} | PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|280|302+352|305+351+338|321|332+313|337+313|362}} | FlashPt = 不可燃 | ExternalMSDS = [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/a2760.htm External MSDS] }} }} 十二水合'''硫酸铝铵'''，俗名'''铵明矾'''，化学式NH<sub>4</sub>Al(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·12H<sub>2</sub>O。在一些應用中會用到少量的硫酸铝铵，天然的十二水合硫酸铝铵是一種名為{{link-en|tschermigite|tschermigite}}的礦物<ref name="RubberBible">{{RubberBible62nd|pages=B-74, B-75}}.</ref>。 == 性质 == 硫酸铝铵为无色、透明[[结晶|结晶體]]或白色粉末。其微溶于[[水]]、稀酸和[[甘油]]，水溶液呈[[酸性]]。不溶于[[醇]]。 == 制法 == 由[[硫酸铝]]溶液与[[硫酸铵]]溶液反应，并经冷却结晶、离心分离、洗涤和干燥制得。 :<math>\rm \ Al_2(SO_4)_3+(NH_4)_2SO_4+12H_2O\rightarrow 2NH_4Al(SO_4)_2\cdot 12H_2O</math> ==用途== 硫酸铝铵不是主要的工業化學品或是實驗室常用的化學藥品，但因為它無毒且價格便宜，因此常用在一些利基型的應用中，例如水的淨化、植物膠、瓷器水泥、[[體香劑]]、[[皮革]]製造、染整及防火織料<ref>{{citation | url = http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/alum.jsp | contribution = Alum | title = The Columbia Encyclopedia | year = 2004 | edition = 6th | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = Ithaca, NY | accessdate = 2009-11-23 | archive-date = 2009-10-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091017095045/http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/alum.jsp | dead-url = no }}.</ref>。硫酸铝铵可以抑制細菌生長<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefword.org.uk/reviews/2004/03/natural_deodora |language=en |title=Natural deodorants |author=Kery Saegert |publisher=the f word |date=2004-03-16 |accessdate=2014-07-20 |archive-date=2014-07-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726090905/http://www.thefword.org.uk/reviews/2004/03/natural_deodora |dead-url=no }}</ref>，硫酸铝铵和[[汗水]]混合的水溶液，其[[pH]]值一般會在微酸的範圍內，約為4至5<ref>{{citation | url = http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/a2760.htm | title = Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate Material Safety Data Sheet | publisher = J. T. Baker | date = March 2009 | accessdate = 2009-11-23 | archive-date = 2011-09-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025935/http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/a2760.htm | dead-url = no }}.</ref>。 硫酸铝铵是動物驅蟲噴霧劑的常見成份<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.bruceharris.com.au/BHPMweb/dter_faq.htm |title=D-TER Animal and Bird Repellent |publisher=Bruce Harris Project Management Pty Ltd |date=2004-09-04 |accessdate=2010-03-03 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015031644/http://bruceharris.com.au/BHPMweb/dter_faq.htm |archivedate=2009-10-15 }}.</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://www.multicrop.com.au/MSDS/Scat_MSDS.doc | title = Scat Material Safety Data Sheet | publisher = Multicrop (Aust.) Pty. Ltd. | date = 2003-03-04 | accessdate = 2010-03-03 | archive-date = 2011-07-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110706110258/http://www.multicrop.com.au/MSDS/Scat_MSDS.doc | dead-url = no }}.</ref><ref>{{citation | url = http://www.tandridge.gov.uk/environment/pestcontrol/foxes.htm | title = Pest Control: Foxes | publisher = Tandridge District Council (UK) | date = February 2006 | accessdate = 2010-03-03 | archive-date = 2010-05-28 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100528182233/http://www.tandridge.gov.uk/environment/pestcontrol/foxes.htm | dead-url = no }}.</ref>。 ==毒性== 硫酸铝铵中的[[硫酸鋁]]，是無毒的，{{LD50}}為6207 mg/kg。沒有註冊為對人類或是環境（低濃度下）有毒的物質<ref>{{citation | title = PAN Pesticide Database | url = http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33857 | contribution = Ammonium alum | publisher = Pesticides Action Network | accessdate = 2009-11-23 | archive-date = 2009-11-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20091127005035/http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33857 | dead-url = no }}.</ref>。 == 参考资料 == {{reflist}} {{铵盐}} {{铝化合物}} {{硫酸盐}} [[Category:铵盐]] [[Category:铝化合物]] [[Category:硫酸盐]] [[Category:复盐]] [[Category:有E编码的食品添加剂]]
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