查看“︁硫酸铅”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Lead(II) sulfate.jpg 
| ImageSize =
| ImageName = 硫酸铅粉末  
| IUPACName = lead(II) sulfate
| SystematicName = 
| OtherNames = [[铅矾]]
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 7446-14-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|    EINECS  =  
|    PubChem  =  
|    InChI  =  
|    RTECS  =  
|  InChIKey  =  PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-QKXYEYSFAV
|  SMILES  =  [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Pb+2]
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/H2O4S.Pb.4H/c1-5(2,3)4;;;;;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);;;;;/q;+2;;;;/p-2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L
|  InChIKey1  =  PIJPYDMVFNTHIP-UHFFFAOYSA-L
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  19956579 
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = {{化學式|铅|硫|氧|4}}
|   MolarMass = 303.26 
|   Appearance = 白色固体<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|Name=Blei(II)-sulfat|ZVG=3250|CAS=7446-14-2|Abruf=2022-01-20}}</ref>
|   Density = 6.29 g/cm<sup>3</sup> <ref name="CRC">"CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics", 83rd Edition, CRC Press, 2002.</ref>
|   MeltingPt = 1170 °C<ref name="CRC" />
|   BoilingPt = 
|   Solubility = 4.45 mg/100 ml<ref>[http://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd166.pdf ''NIST-data review 1980'']</ref>
|   SolubilityProduct = 1.06 × 10<sup>-8</sup>
|   SolubleOther = 
|    Solvent = 
}}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
|   CrystalStruct = [[正交晶系]]或[[斜方晶系]]
|   Coordination = 
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|   DeltaHf = 
|   Entropy = 
|   HeatCapacity = 
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS = 
|   EUIndex = 082-001-00-6
|   EUClass = Repr. Cat. 1/3<br/>[[File:Hazard T.svg|65px]]　[[File:Hazard N.svg|65px]]<br />有毒('''T''')　 对环境有害('''N''')
|   RPhrases = {{R61}}, {{R20/22}}, {{R33}}, {{R62}}, {{R50/53}}
|   SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}
|   NFPA-H = 
|   NFPA-F = 
|   NFPA-R = 
|   NFPA-O = 
|   FlashPt = 不可燃
|   PEL = 
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[硒酸铅]]
|   OtherCations = [[硫酸亚锡]]
|   OtherFunctn = 
|    Function = 
|   OtherCpds = [[硫酸高铅]]
  }}
}}

'''硫酸铅'''是[[铅]]的[[硫酸盐]]，[[分子式]] PbSO<sub>4</sub>。它是难溶于水且有毒的白色晶体，在自然界以[[铅矾]]的形式存在。<ref name="Karl A. Hofmann">{{cite book | last=Hofmann | first=Karl A. | last2=Hofmann | first2=Ulrich | last3=Rüdorff | first3=Walter | title=Anorganische Chemie | publication-place=Wiesbaden | date=1973 | isbn=978-3-663-14240-9 | oclc=913802128 | language=de | page=540}}</ref>

==制备==
硫酸铅可以由[[一氧化铅]]或任何可溶铅(II)盐（例如[[硝酸铅]]和[[乙酸铅]]）和可溶硫酸盐（例如[[硫酸钠]]或[[硫酸]]）反应而成：<ref name="Karl A. Hofmann" />
:<math>\rm \ PbO+H_2SO_4 \rightarrow PbSO_4 \downarrow +H_2O</math>
:<math>\rm Pb(NO_3)_2+Na_2SO_4 \rightarrow PbSO_4 \downarrow +2NaNO_3</math>

[[铅酸蓄电池]]放电时也会产生硫酸铅：<ref>{{cite book | last=Blumenthal | first=Gert | last2=Linke | first2=Dietmar | last3=Vieth | first3=Siegfried | title=Chemie : Grundwissen für Ingenieure | publisher=B.G. Teubner Verlag / GWV Fachverlage GmbH, Wiesbaden | publication-place=Wiesbaden | date=2006 | isbn=978-3-8351-9047-4 | oclc=315780467 | language=de |page=261}}</ref>

:<math>\mathrm{Pb(s) + SO_4^{2-}(aq) \longrightarrow PbSO_4(s) + 2 \ e^-}</math>
:<small>在负极中，铅被氧化成硫酸铅</small>

:<math>\mathrm{PbO_2 + 4 \ H^+ + \ SO_4^{2-} + 2 \ e^- \longrightarrow \ PbSO_4 + 2 \ H_2O}</math>
:<small>在正极中，[[二氧化铅]]和[[硫酸盐]]反应生成硫酸铅</small>

==性质==
硫酸铅是白色固体，难溶于水，但易溶于[[硫酸]]，生成硫酸氢铅：<ref name="Karl A. Hofmann" /><ref>{{cite book | last=Holleman | first=Arnold F. | last2=Wiberg | first2=Egon | last3=Wiberg | first3=Nils | title=Lehrbuch der anorganischen Chemie | url=https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderanorg0000arno | publication-place=Berlin | date=1995 | isbn=978-3-11-012641-9 | oclc=237142268 | language=de |page=[https://archive.org/details/lehrbuchderanorg0000arno/page/978 978]}}</ref>
:<chem>PbSO_4(s) + H_2SO_4 (aq) -> Pb(HSO_4)_2 (aq)</chem>

浓[[碱]]会和硫酸铅反应，生成三羟基合铅(II)酸盐：<ref name="Karl A. Hofmann" />

:<chem>PbSO_4(s) + 3 OH^- (aq) -> Pb(OH)_3^- (aq) + SO_4^2- (aq)</chem>

在硫酸根存在下，原本难溶的硫酸铅会因为形成配合物而溶于水中：<ref>{{{cite journal | last=Gardner | first=Gary L. | last2=Nancollas | first2=George H. | title=Complex formation in lead sulfate solutions | journal=Analytical Chemistry | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=42 | issue=7 | date=1970-06-01 | issn=0003-2700 | doi=10.1021/ac60289a003 | pages=794–795}}</ref><ref>{{cite | last=Hagemann | first=Sven | title=Thermodynamische Eigenschaften des Bleis in Lösungen der ozeanischen Salze | publisher=Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig | doi=10.24355/DBBS.084-200511080100-200 | url=https://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/receive/dbbs_mods_00001107 | language=de | access-date=2022-07-16 | archive-date=2022-07-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220716103403/https://publikationsserver.tu-braunschweig.de/receive/dbbs_mods_00001107 | dead-url=no }}</ref>
:<chem>PbSO_4(s) + SO_4^2- (aq) -> [Pb(SO_4)_2]^2- (aq)</chem>.

硫酸铅在1170 °C下融化并部分分解出三氧化硫。像是玻璃或瓷器的硅酸盐会和硫酸铅反应，生成{{ld|硅酸铅|Bleisilicat}}。<ref name="Karl A. Hofmann" />

==用途==
硫酸铅可用作白色颜料。<ref>{{cite book | last=Baumann | first=Werner | last2=Herberg-Liedtke | first2=Bettina | title=Druckereichemikalien : Daten und Fakten zum Umweltschutz | publication-place=Berlin, Heidelberg | date=1991 | isbn=978-3-642-97337-6 | oclc=913815419 | language=de |page=256}}</ref>此外，硫酸铅还用于生产亚麻籽油{{le|清漆|Varnish}}。<ref>{{cite book | last=Bertau | first=Martin | title=Industrielle Anorganische Chemie | publisher=Wiley-VCH | publication-place=Weinheim | date=2013 | isbn=978-3-527-64956-3 | oclc=855858511 | language=de |page=291}}</ref>

在[[分析化学]]中，往铅盐溶液中加入稀硫酸会产生硫酸铅沉淀，这可以用来测定铅的含量。<ref name="Karl A. Hofmann" />

==参见==
*[[硫酸亚锡]]、[[硫酸高铅]]
*[[硒酸铅]]
*[[三盐基硫酸铅]]
*[[北投石]]

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}
{{铅化合物}}
{{硫酸盐}}

[[Category:二价铅化合物]]
[[Category:硫酸盐]]