查看“︁硫酸肼”︁的源代码

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{{About|[[聯氨]]與[[硫酸]]反應生成的鹽類|[[硫酸銨]]與[[水合肼]]置換反應的產物|硫酸𨥙}}
{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 442344709
| ImageFile = Hydrazine hydrogensulfate.png
| ImageSize = 200px
| IUPACName = Hydrazinium hydrogen sulfate
| OtherNames = 硫酸联氨<BR>硫酸氢肼
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 1N369SAT01
| InChI = 1/H4N2.H2O4S/c1-2;1-5(2,3)4/h1-2H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)
| InChIKey = ZGCHATBSUIJLRL-UHFFFAOYAL
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/H4N2.H2O4S/c1-2;1-5(2,3)4/h1-2H2;(H2,1,2,3,4)
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = ZGCHATBSUIJLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 10034-93-2
| EINECS = 233-110-4
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23225
| PubChem = 24842
| SMILES = O=S(=O)(O)O.NN
}}
|Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|  Formula = N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
|  Appearance = 无色结晶
|  Density = 
|  MeltingPt = 254 °C<ref name ="ox"/>
|  BoilingPt = 分解<ref name ="ox"/>
|  Solubility = 30 g/L (20 °C)
  }}
|Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
|  EUIndex = 007-008-00-3
|  EUClass = {{Hazchem T}} {{Hazchem N}} {{Hazchem C}}
|  RPhrases = {{R23/24/25}}-{{R34}}-{{R43}}-{{R45}}-{{R50}}-{{R53}}
|  SPhrases = {{S45}}-{{S53}}-{{S60}}-{{S61}}
|  ExternalMSDS = [http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/HY/hydrazine_sulfate.html External MSDS]
|  FlashPt = 
|  Autoignition = 
|  LD50 = 601 mg/kg (大鼠经口)<ref name="ox">[http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/HY/hydrazine_sulfate.html Safety (MSDS) data for hydrazine sulfate]</ref>
  }}
}}
'''硫酸肼'''<ref>{{Cite web | url = http://drug.che.kuas.edu.tw/ch301/msds_2/1088.pdf | publisher = 國立高雄應用科技大學化工系 | title = 硫酸肼（Hydrazine sulfate）物質安全資料表 | accessdate = 2017-08-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170814143158/http://drug.che.kuas.edu.tw/ch301/msds_2/1088.pdf | archive-date = 2017-08-14 | dead-url = yes }}</ref>是[[联氨]]与[[硫酸]]生成的盐类，指N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub>和N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>两种物质，常写作N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>。

N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>遇水完全水解，产生N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub>，而N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub>尚未分离得到固体。<ref name=hydrazine>K. C. Patil. Inorganic Hydrazine Derivatives - Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Wiley, 2014</ref>N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>固体在室温下可以以[[正交晶系]]或[[单斜晶系]]存在。<ref>K.C. PATIL, J.P. VITTAL. DSC STUDIES ON THE PHASE TRANSFORMATION OF HYDRAZONIUM SULFATE. Materials Chemistry. 1982. (7): 577-586</ref>
==性质==
无色无味鳞状结晶或[[斜方]]结晶。微溶于冷水，易溶于热水，水溶液呈酸性。不溶于[[醇]]。在空气中稳定，不易吸湿。为强[[还原剂]]。不可与碱类、氧化剂共存。有毒，致癌。<ref name="EPA">{{citation | publisher = [[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] | title = Hydrazine Hazard Summary | date = January 2000 | url = http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/hydrazin.html | accessdate = 2009-11-24 | archive-date = 2009-09-27 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090927183142/http://www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/hlthef/hydrazin.html | dead-url = no }}.</ref><ref name="EHC">Section 9.2.1, {{citation | publisher = [[International Programme on Chemical Safety]] | url = http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc68.htm | title = Environmental Health Criteria for Hydrazine | year = 1987 | accessdate = 2009-11-24 | archive-date = 2010-03-14 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100314163457/http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc68.htm | dead-url = no }}.</ref>

硫酸肼受热分解，其分解产物是[[硫酸铵]]和[[硫酸氢铵]]。<ref name=hydrazine />

==制备==
[[尿素]]、[[次氯酸钠]]、[[液碱]]在[[高锰酸钾]]存在下反应，制得[[肼]]，经蒸馏，再同[[硫酸]]发生中和，生成物经冷却结晶、过滤、干燥，制得硫酸肼成品。
:<math>\rm \ NaOCl+NH_2CONH_2+2NaOH\xrightarrow {KMnO_4} N_2H_4\cdot H_2O+</math><math>\rm \ NaCl+Na_2CO_3</math>
:<math>\rm \ N_2H_4\cdot H_2O+H_2SO_4\rightarrow N_2H_4\cdot H_2SO_4+H_2O</math>

[[硫酸氢铵]]和[[水合肼]]反应，也能得到硫酸肼：<ref name=hydrazine />
: NH<sub>4</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub> + N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O → N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>HSO<sub>4</sub> + NH<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O

==用途==
用作有机合成试剂，用于制取[[偶氮二异丁腈]]，以及制造药品、杀虫剂、灭菌剂等。化学镀时用作还原剂。也用作塑料和橡胶的发泡剂等。

硫酸肼在美国是营养补充剂，用以对抗[[癌症]]造成的患者厌食、消瘦等症状。<ref>{{citation | author = Chlebowski, R. T.; Bulcavage, L.; Grosvenor, M. ''et al.'' | title = Hydrazine Sulfate in Cancer Patients With Weight Loss. A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Experience | url = http://scri.ngen.com/article06.html | journal = Cancer | year = 1987 | volume = 59 | issue = 3 | pages = 406–10 | pmid = 3791153 | access-date = 2009-11-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141130041025/http://scri.ngen.com/article06.html | archive-date = 2014-11-30 | dead-url = yes }}.</ref><ref>{{citation | author = Brauer, M.; Inculet, R. I.; Bratnager, G.; Marsh, G. D.; Driedger, A. A.; Thompson, R. T. | title = Insulin Protects against Hepatic Bioenergetic Deterioration by Cancer Cachexia. An in-Vivo <sup>31</sup>P Magnetic Resonance Study | url = http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/reprint/54/24/6383 | journal = Cancer Research | year = 1994 | volume = 54 | issue = 24 | pages = 6383–86 | pmid = 7987832 | accessdate = 2009-11-24 | archive-date = 2008-08-21 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080821185707/http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/cgi/reprint/54/24/6383 | dead-url = no }}.</ref><ref>{{citation | author = Chlebowski, R. T.; Bulcavage, L.; Grosvenor, M.; Oktay, E.; Block, J. B.; Chlebowski, J. S.; Ali, I.; Elashoff, R. | title = Hydrazine Sulfate Influence on Nutritional Status and Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer | url = http://scri.ngen.com/article01.html | journal = Journal of Clinical Oncology | year = 1990 | issue = 8 | pages = 9–15 | pmid = 1688616 | access-date = 2009-11-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140928041007/http://scri.ngen.com/article01.html | archive-date = 2014-09-28 | dead-url = yes }}.</ref><ref>{{citation | author = Gold, J. | title = Long term complete response in patient with advanced, localized NSCLC with hydrazine sulfate, radiation and Carboplatin, refractory to combination chemotherapy | journal = Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research | year = 1999 | issue = 40 | pages = 642}}. [http://scri.ngen.com/abstract12.html Abstract.] {{Wayback|url=http://scri.ngen.com/abstract12.html |date=20160303165738 }}</ref> 1970年代中期美国的 Joseph Gold<ref name="Kaegi">{{citation | author = Kaegi, Elizabeth | year = 1998 | title = Unconventional therapies for cancer: 4. Hydrazine sulfate. Task Force on Alternative Therapies of the Canadian Breast Cancer Research Initiative | url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1229327&blobtype=pdf | journal = Canadian Medical Association Journal | volume = 158 | issue = 10 | pages = 1327–30 | pmid = 9614826}}.</ref><ref>{{cite journal en|author=Gold J |title=Hydrazine sulfate: a current perspective |journal=Nutr Cancer |volume=9 |issue=2-3 |pages=59–66 |year=1987 |pmid=3104888}}</ref> 首先提出硫酸肼治疗法以控制癌患者[[恶病质]]的发展。其原理是癌细胞需要靠葡萄糖的[[糖酵解]]来产生能量，而此过程的产物乳酸在肝脏中又经过另一耗能过程——[[糖异生]]再转变为葡萄糖。由于肼是化学性质很活泼的化合物，可能在体内对糖异生中的[[磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化激酶]]有抑制作用，因此使用硫酸肼可能阻断糖异生过程，并因此控制恶病质的发展。<ref>{{citation | author = Gold, J. | title = Proposed Treatment of Cancer by Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis | journal = Oncology | year = 1968 | volume = 22 | issue = 2 | pages = 185–207 | pmid = 5688432}}.</ref> 这一替代医学疗法在1990年代中期因《[[阁楼 (杂志)|阁楼]]》成人杂志创办人妻子 Kathy Keeton 的宣传而广为人知。Keeton 曾用这一方法治疗自己的[[转移性]][[乳腺癌]]，<ref>{{citation | author = London, William M. | title = Penthouse's promotion of hydrazine sulfate | url = http://www.cancertreatmentwatch.org/reports/hydrazine.shtml | date = July 23, 2006 | accessdate = 2009-11-24 | archive-date = 2009-08-17 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090817235833/http://www.cancertreatmentwatch.org/reports/hydrazine.shtml | dead-url = no }}</ref> 并声称自己因使用这一疗法而使寿命延长数年。不过至今，硫酸肼疗法的效果仍然受到很大的争议。

==参考资料==
{{reflist}}
{{肼盐}}
{{硫酸盐}}

[[Category:肼盐]]
[[Category:硫酸盐]]