查看“︁硫酸羥胺”︁的源代码

{{chembox
|Watchedfields=changed|verifiedrevid=442138635
|ImageFile=Hydroxylammonium-sulfate-2D-A.png|ImageSize=150px|ImageFile1=Hydroxylammonium-sulfate-unit-cell-3D-balls.png
|ImageFile2=Hydroxylammonium-sulfate-xtal-3D-vdW.png
|ImageSize2=175px
|Name=硫酸羥胺
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23229
| InChI = 1/2H4NO.H2O4S/c2*1-2;1-5(2,3)4/h2*2H,1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
| SMILES = [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.O[NH3+].O[NH3+]
| InChIKey = VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-NUQVWONBAN
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/2H4NO.H2O4S/c2*1-2;1-5(2,3)4/h2*2H,1H3;(H2,1,2,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = VGYYSIDKAKXZEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| CASNo = 10039-54-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 49KP498D4O
| EINECS = 233-118-8
| UNNumber = 2865
| RTECS = NC5425000
| PubChem = 24846
| ChEMBL = 3183215
  }}|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = H<sub>8</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>S
| MolarMass = 164.14
| Appearance = 高純度時為白色結晶狀，稍具吸水性
| Density = 1.88 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt= {{convert|120|C|K}} (分解)<ref>"International Chemical Safety Cards" data were obtained from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US). Retrieved from SciFinder. [2021-07-11].</ref>
| Solubility = 58.7 g/100 ml (20 °C)
  }}|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/HY/hydroxylamine_sulfate.html External MSDS]
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}}
| GHSSignalWord = 警告
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|290|302|312|315|317|319|351|373|400|412}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|201|202|234|260|261|264|270|272|273|280|281|301+312|302+352|305+351+338|308+313|312|314|321|322|330|332+313|333+313|337+313|362|363|390|391|404|405|501}}
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 1
| NFPA-R = 2
  }}|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[硝酸羥胺]]<br/>[[鹽酸羥胺]]
| OtherCations = [[硫酸銨]]<br/>[[硫酸肼]]
| OtherCpds = [[羟胺]]<br>[[羥銨鹽]]
  }}|NameEn=Hydroxylamine sulfate|OtherNames=硫酸羟铵<ref>{{Cite web|title=硫酸羟铵 {{!}} 10046-00-1|url=https://m.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_CN_CB4932097.htm|access-date=2021-07-11|work=m.chemicalbook.com|archive-date=2021-07-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712034639/https://m.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_CN_CB4932097.htm|dead-url=no}}</ref>、硫酸二(羥胺)<ref>{{Cite web|title=hydroxylamine sulfate - 硫酸二(羥胺)|url=https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/622592/?index=15|access-date=2021-07-14|work=terms.naer.edu.tw|archive-date=2021-07-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714095005/https://terms.naer.edu.tw/detail/622592/?index=15|dead-url=no}}</ref>}}
'''硫酸羟胺'''是[[羟胺]]的[[硫酸]][[盐 (化学)|盐]]，[[化学式]]为(NH<sub>3</sub>OH)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>，易溶于水。

== 合成 ==
羟胺与硫酸发生酸碱[[酸碱理论|中和反应]]可制得硫酸羟胺：

: <chem>2NH2OH +H2SO4 ->(NH3OH)2SO4</chem>

其中，羟胺由[[氨]]的催化氧化制得<ref>Kleshchev, N. F.; Guba, N. B.; Tkachuk, N. M.; Bliznyuk, O. N. Catalytic oxidation of ammonia by oxygen in the manufacture of hydroxylamine sulfate{{ru}}. ''Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii (Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation)'', 1993. 66 (2): 445-448.</ref>。
== 应用 ==
硫酸羟胺在[[有机合成|有机合成中]]用于将[[醛]]和[[酮]]转化为[[肟]]，将[[羧酸]]及其衍生物（例如[[酯]]）转化[[羥肟酸|为]][[异羟肟酸|羟肟酸]]，将[[异氰酸酯]]转化为 N-羟基脲，将[[腈]]转化为[[肟|酰胺肟]]。硫酸羟铵还用于从[[发烟硫酸]]或[[氯磺酸]]反應生成[[羟胺-O-磺酸]]。

硫酸羟胺可用于生产抗结皮剂、药物、橡胶、纺织品、塑料和洗涤剂。它是一种[[捕捉劑|自由基清除剂]]，可终止[[自由基聚合反應|自由基聚合]]反应并在天然橡胶中[[抗氧化剂|用作抗氧化剂。]] 

在農業上，硫酸羥胺是一些杀虫剂、除草剂和生长调节剂的合成原料。

它在摄影中用作[[照相顯影劑|彩色照片显影剂]]的稳定剂和[[彩色攝影|彩色胶片]][[感光乳剂]]中的添加剂。

== 分解 ==
在120 °C的高溫时，硫酸羟胺开始分解为[[三氧化硫]]、[[一氧化二氮]]、[[水的性質|水]]和[[氨]]：

:<chem>{2(NH3OH)2SO4}->[][{\triangle}]{2SO3}+{N2O}+{2NH3}+{5H2O} </chem>

该反应在138 °C的溫度以上時是[[放热反应|放热反應]]，并且在177 °C時反應放热最多。 <ref name="BASF">[http://www.inorganics.basf.com/p02/CAPortal/en_GB/portal/Hydroxylamin_freie_Base/content/Produktgruppen/Hydroxylaminverbindungen/Hydroxylammoniumsulfat/Hydroxylammoniumsulfat BASF hydroxylammonium sulfate product page]{{Dead link}}</ref>金属（尤其是铜、和其衍生合金、銅盐）可催化硫酸羟胺的分解。硫酸羟胺的不稳定性主要是由于羟铵离子的弱氮氧单键所造成。

== 参考資料 ==
<references />

== 外部链接 ==

* [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0898.htm 国际化学品安全卡 0898] {{Wayback|url=http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0898.htm |date=20210711043137 }}
[[Category:照相药品]]
[[Category:硫酸盐]]
[[Category:羟铵盐]]

[[Category:没有KEGG来源的条目]]