查看“︁硫氰酸钠”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Name = 硫氰酸钠
| NameEn = Sodium thiocyanate
| ImageFile = Sodium thiocyanate.png
| ImageSize = 160px
| ImageFileL1 = Sodium-3D.png
| ImageFileR1 = Thiocyanate-3D-vdW.png
| ImageSizeR1 = 140px
| ImageFile2 = Sodium thiocyanate.jpg
| IUPACName = Sodium thiocyanate
| OtherNames = 硫氰化钠
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 540-72-7
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|  PubChem  =  516871
|  EINECS  =  208-754-4
|  InChI  = 
|  RTECS  =  XL2275000
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  10443
|  UNII_Ref  = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}|  UNII  =  5W0K9HKA05
|  InChIKey  =  VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-REWHXWOFAB
|  ChEBI_Ref  = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|  ChEBI  =  30952
|  ChEMBL_Ref  = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}|  ChEMBL  =  1644028
|  ChEMBL2_Ref  = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|  ChEMBL2  =  84336
|  ChEMBL3_Ref  = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}|  ChEMBL3  =  1078613
|  SMILES  =  [Na+].[S-]C#N
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/CHNS.Na/c2-1-3;/h3H;/q;+1/p-1
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
|  InChIKey1  =  VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NaSCN
| MolarMass = 81.072
| Appearance = 无色易潮解晶体
| Density = 1.735 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPtC = 287
| BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 139 g/100 mL (21 °C)
| SolOther = 可溶于[[丙酮]]、[[醇]]
| pKa =
| RefractIndex = 1.545
| VaporPressure = <1 hPa (20 °C)<ref name="Merck">[http://assets.chemportals.merck.de/documents/sds/emd/deu/de/1066/106627.pdf Sicherheitsdatenblatt (Merck)]</ref>
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc06/icsc0675.htm ICSC 0675]
| EUClass = 有害 ('''Xn''')
| EUIndex = 615-004-00-3
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-O =
| RPhrases = {{R20/21/22}}, {{R32}}, {{R52/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S13}}, {{S61}}
| FlashPt =
| PEL =
| LD50 = 764 mg/kg (大鼠经口)<ref>[http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/organic/SODIUM%20THIOCYANATE.htm Sodium thiocyanate], chemicalland21.com</ref>
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = [[硫氰酸钾]]<br/>[[硫氰酸铵]]
| OtherAnions = [[氰酸钠]]<br/>[[氰化钠]]
  }}
}}

'''硫氰酸钠'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，[[化学式]]为NaSCN，为无色易潮解晶体。

== 性质 ==

硫氰酸钠是一种白色[[斜方]]结晶或粉末，在空气中易[[潮解]]，易溶于水、[[乙醇]]和[[丙酮]]等溶剂，水溶液呈中性。与[[浓硫酸]]作用生成黄色的[[硫酸氢钠]]<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Bc158 硫氰酸钠，页159</ref>，与铁盐作用生成血红色的[[硫氰酸铁]]，与亚铁盐无反应。与钴盐生成深蓝色的[[硫氰酸钴]]。

硫氰酸钠为斜方晶系，晶体结构中每个钠离子与三个硫原子和三个氮原子（从硫氰酸根离子）相邻<ref>{{cite journal en| last1 = van Rooyen | first1 = P. H. | last2 = Boeyens | first2 = J. C. A. | author2-link = Jan C. A. Boeyens | title = Sodium thiocyanate | journal = Acta Crystallographica | year = 1975 | volume = B31 | pages = 2933–2934 | doi = 10.1107/S0567740875009326}}</ref>。

硫氰酸钠可以和[[硝酸钠]]在340℃发生放热反应，可能引发爆炸。<ref>[http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/legal_case/content/2017-01/04/content_6941656.htm?node=81775 研究生死于导师工厂 导师被判缓刑] {{Wayback|url=http://www.legaldaily.com.cn/legal_case/content/2017-01/04/content_6941656.htm?node=81775 |date=20170105180432 }}. 法制网. 2017-1-4</ref>

== 制备 ==

1、由[[氰化钠]]与[[硫黄]]反应，然后除杂、脱色、过滤、滤液蒸发、过滤、结晶、分离得到。

: <math>\rm \ NaCN+S\rightarrow NaSCN</math>

2、以砷碱液脱除[[焦炉气]]中[[硫化氢]]时，产生硫氰酸钠和[[氰化钠]]，通过再生塔转化为[[硫代硫酸钠]]和硫氰酸钠。<ref name="zghg" />

== 用途 ==

用作化学分析试剂、聚丙烯腈纤维抽丝溶剂、彩色电影胶片冲洗剂、某些植物脱叶剂等<ref name="zghg" />。

有机合成中，用于将[[卤代烃]]转变为相应的[[硫氰酸酯]]。例如，[[异丙基溴]]在热乙醇溶液中与硫氰酸钠反应，得到硫氰酸异丙酯<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Shriner, R. L. | title = Isopropyl Thiocyanate | collvol = 2 | collvolpages = 366 | year = 1943 | prep = cv2p0366}}</ref>。类似的试剂还有[[硫氰酸铵]]和[[硫氰酸钾]]。

硫氰酸钠遇酸转化为[[异硫氰酸]]（S=C=NH）<ref>{{cite journal en| author = Chiang, Y.; Kresge, A. J. | title = Determination of the Acidity Constant of Isothiocyanic Acid in Aqueous Solution | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-chemistry_2000-12_78_12/page/1627 | journal =  Canadian Journal of Chemistry | year = 2000 | volume = 78 | pages = 1627–1628 | doi = 10.1139/cjc-78-12-1627}}</ref>。它在原位生成后，可以与[[胺]]类反应生成相应的[[硫脲]]衍生物<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Allen, C. F. H.; VanAllan, J. | title = 2-Amino-6-Methylbenzothiazole | collvol = 3 | collvolpages = 76 | year = 1955 | prep = cv3p0076}}</ref>。

硫氰酸钠是最早用於治疗[[高血压]]的化学药物，在1900年投入使用，但[[副作用]]很多，没有得到广泛应用<ref name="pmid1744849">{{cite journal |author=Esunge PM |title=From blood pressure to hypertension: the history of research |journal=J R Soc Med |volume=84 |issue=10 |pages=621 |pmid=1744849 |pmc=1295564|date=October 1991}}</ref>。

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

{{钠化合物}}

[[Category:钠化合物]]
[[Category:硫氰酸盐|钠]]