查看“︁硝酸镎(IV)”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Neptunium(IV)_nitrate.png
| ImageSize = 
| ImageAlt = 
| PIN = 
| OtherNames = 四硝酸镎
| NameEn = Neptunium tetranitrate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 25933-55-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2 = 14644-54-3
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2_Comment = 二水
| ChemSpiderID = 
| DTXSID = 
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = 
|  EINECS = 247-352-3
|  PubChem = 3015250
|  SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Np]
|  StdInChI = 1S/4NO3.Np/c4*2-1(3)4;/q4*-1;
|  StdInChIKey = XHXJHKCJMVVEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
 }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula =  Np(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 485.02
| Appearance =  绿色晶体（二水合物）<ref name=Ahrland>{{cite book | last=Ahrland | first=S. | last2=Bagnall | first2=K.W. | last3=Brown | first3=D. | title=The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry | publisher=Elsevier Science | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4831-5934-8 | url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=awRPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 | access-date=2021-08-18 | page=292 | language=en | archive-date=2021-08-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818074447/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=awRPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 | dead-url=no }}</ref><br>灰白色（1.2 [[五氧化二氮|N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>]]合物）<br>灰绿色（2.5 [[二甲基乙酰胺|DMA]]合物）<ref>{{cite journal | last=Laidler | first=J. B. | title=Neptunium nitrates | journal=Journal of the Chemical Society A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | year=1966 | issn=0022-4944 | doi=10.1039/j19660000780 | page=780 | language=en}}</ref>
| Density = 
| MeltingPtC = 
| BoilingPtC = 
| Solubility = 可溶}}
|Section6={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = [[硝酸钚(IV)]]
}}
}}
[[File:Neptunium(IV)_nitrate_solution.png|thumb|100px|硝酸镎(IV)溶液]]
'''硝酸镎(IV)'''是一种[[无机化合物]]，化学式为Np(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>。它是易溶于水的晶体，可以形成水合物。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Alian |first1=A. |last2=Haggag |first2=A. |title=Amine extraction and determination of activity coefficients of neptunium and plutonium nitrates |journal=[[Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry]] |date=1 May 1967 |volume=29 |issue=5 |pages=1355–1363 |doi=10.1016/0022-1902(67)80378-6 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022190267803786 |access-date=17 August 2021 |language=en |issn=0022-1902 |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817130413/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0022190267803786 |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==制备==
硝酸镎(IV)可由新制的氢氧化镎(IV)和稀[[硝酸]]反应制得：<ref>{{cite book |last1=Seaborg |first1=Glenn Theodore |title=The Transuranium Elements: Research Papers |date=1949 |publisher=[[McGraw-Hill]] |page=1102 |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/The_Transuranium_Elements/YEgNAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Neptunium(IV)+nitrate&dq=Neptunium(IV)+nitrate&printsec=frontcover |access-date=17 August 2021 |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219134025/https://www.google.ru/books/edition/The_Transuranium_Elements/YEgNAQAAIAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=Neptunium%28IV%29+nitrate&dq=Neptunium%28IV%29+nitrate&printsec=frontcover |dead-url=no }}</ref>
::<math>\mathsf{ Np(OH)_4 + 4HNO_3 \ \xrightarrow{}\ Np(NO_3)_4 + 4H_2O }</math>

==性质==
硝酸镎(IV)在溶液中为黄绿色，在酸性环境（1.3 N HNO<sub>3</sub>）中，它可以被[[甲醛次硫酸氢钠]]或单盐酸肼还原为Np<sup>3+</sup>而显亮黄色。<ref>{{cite journal|authors=Gel'man, A. D.; Mefod'eva, M. P.|title=The preparation of trivalent neptunium|language=ru|journal=Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR|year=1957|volume=117|pages=225-226|issn=0002-3264}}</ref>它也可以被Pu(IV)氧化为Np(V)。<ref name=Kulyako />

它可以在水溶液中被[[磷酸三丁酯]]萃取，<ref>{{cite journal | last=Hesford | first=E. | last2=McKay | first2=H. A. C. | title=The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 3.—Extraction at trace concentrations | journal=Trans. Faraday Soc. | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | volume=54 | issue=0 | year=1958 | issn=0014-7672 | doi=10.1039/tf9585400573 | pages=573–586 | language=en}}</ref>溶液中存在硝酸时体系无明显反应，但加热时经NpO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>氧化至NpO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Koltunov | first=V. S | last2=Taylor | first2=R. J. | last3=Savilova | first3=O. A. | last4=Zhuravleva | first4=G. I. | last5=Denniss | first5=I. S. | last6=Wallwork | first6=A. L | title=Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Neptunium(IV) by Nitric Acid in Tributyl Phosphate Solution | journal=ract | publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH | volume=76 | issue=1-2 | date=1997-01-01 | issn=2193-3405 | doi=10.1524/ract.1997.76.12.45 | pages=45–54 | language=en}}</ref>

它可以和[[二甲基乙酰胺]]、[[二甲基亚砜]]等配体形成配合物，也能和硝酸根形成配阴离子[Np(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>。<ref name=Ahrland />
==用途==
硝酸镎(IV)和[[硝酸铀酰|铀]]、钚的硝酸盐混合溶液与[[水合肼]]反应，可以制备混合二氧化物(U, Np, Pu)O<sub>2</sub>，以用于快中子反应堆。<ref name=Kulyako>{{cite journal | last=Kulyako | first=Y. M. | last2=Perevalov | first2=S. A. | last3=Trofimov | first3=T. I. | last4=Malikov | first4=D. A. | last5=Vinokurov | first5=S. E. | last6=Samsonov | first6=M. D. | last7=Myasoedov | first7=B. F. | last8=Fedoseev | first8=A. M. | last9=Bessonov | first9=A. A. | last10=Shadrin | first10=A. Y. | title=UO2, NpO2 and PuO2 preparation in aqueous nitrate solutions in the presence of hydrazine hydrate | journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=299 | issue=3 | date=2013-12-05 | issn=0236-5731 | doi=10.1007/s10967-013-2756-8 | pages=1293–1298 | language=en}}</ref>

==参考文献==
{{Reflist|2}}

==拓展阅读==
<small>
* {{cite book |last1=Horner |first1=D. E. |title=Plutonium Extraction from Nitrate and Sulfate Solutions by Amines and Organophosphorus Compounds |date=1961 |publisher=[[Oak Ridge National Laboratory]] |page=17 |url=https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Plutonium_Extraction_from_Nitrate_and_Su/7ESj8bTz_UQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Neptunium(IV)+nitrate&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover |access-date=2021-08-17 |language=en |archive-date=2022-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220219134058/https://www.google.ru/books/edition/Plutonium_Extraction_from_Nitrate_and_Su/7ESj8bTz_UQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Neptunium%28IV%29+nitrate&pg=PA17&printsec=frontcover |dead-url=no }}
*{{cite journal |last1=Ikeda-Ohno |first1=Atsushi |last2=Hennig |first2=Christoph |last3=Rossberg |first3=André |last4=Funke |first4=Harald |last5=Scheinost |first5=Andreas C. |last6=Bernhard |first6=Gert |last7=Yaita |first7=Tsuyoshi |title=Electrochemical and Complexation Behavior of Neptunium in Aqueous Perchlorate and Nitrate Solutions |journal=[[Inorganic Chemistry (journal)|Inorganic Chemistry]] |date=15 September 2008 |volume=47 |issue=18 |pages=8294–8305 |doi=10.1021/ic8009095 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic8009095 |access-date=2021-08-17 |issn=0020-1669 |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817130416/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ic8009095 |dead-url=no }}
*{{cite web |last1=Guillaume |first1=B. |last2=Moulin |first2=J.P. |last3=Maurice |first3=Ch. |title=Chemical Properties Of Neptunium Applied To Neptunium Management In Extraction Cycles Of Purex Process |url=https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/16/080/16080207.pdf |access-date=2021-08-17 |date=1984-11-27~29 |language=en |archive-date=2021-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817130410/https://inis.iaea.org/collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/16/080/16080207.pdf |dead-url=no }}
</small>

{{镎化合物}}
{{硝酸盐}}

[[Category:镎化合物]]
[[Category:硝酸盐]]