查看“︁硝酸镍”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Reference = <ref name="BiaGes">{{GESTIS|ZVG=6310 |CAS=13138-45-9 |Datum=12. November 2007}}</ref>
| Name = 硝酸镍
| ImageFileL1 = Nickel nitrate.png
| ImageSizeL1 = 170
| ImageFileR1 = Ni(NO3)2_hexahydrate_edit.jpg
| ImageSizeR1 = 130
| IUPACName = Nickel(II) nitrate
| OtherNames = 硝酸镍(II)
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 13138-45-9
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 13478-00-7
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
|  CASOther  =  13478-00-7 (六水合物)
|  PubChem  =  25736
|  EINECS  =  238-076-4
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  ChemSpiderID  =  23976
|  InChI  =  1/2NO3.Ni/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2
|  InChIKey  =  KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYAP
|  SMILES  =  [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/2NO3.Ni/c2*2-1(3)4;/q2*-1;+2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Ni(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>
| MolarMass1 = 182.703 g/mol (无水物)<br/>290.79 g/mol (六水合物)
| Appearance = 祖母绿色易[[潮解]]晶体
| Density = 2.05 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (六水合物)
| Solubility = 94.2 g/100ml (20°C)<br/>158 g/100ml (60°C)
| SolOther = 溶于[[乙醇]]
| MeltingPt = 56.7 °C (六水合物)
| BoilingPt = 136.7 °C (六水合物)
  }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure
| Coordination =
| CrystalStruct = 单斜晶系 (六水合物)
| Dipole =
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.jtbaker.com/msds/englishhtml/n3030.htm 外部MSDS]
| EUIndex = 028-012-00-1
| EUClass = 氧化性 ('''O''')<br/>[[致癌物質|第一类致癌物]]<br/>[[突變原|第三类诱变剂]]<br/>第二类生殖毒性<br/>有毒 ('''T''')<br/>有害 ('''Xn''')<br/>刺激性 ('''Xi''')<br/>对环境危险 ('''N''')
| RPhrases = {{R49}}, {{R61}}, {{R8}}, {{R20/22}}, {{R38}}, {{R41}}, {{R42/43}}, {{R48/23}}, {{R68}}, {{R50/53}}
| SPhrases = {{S53}}, {{S45}}, {{S60}}, {{S61}}
| NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-O = OX
| FlashPt = 不可燃
| LD50 = 1620 mg/kg (大鼠，经口)
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = [[硫酸镍]]<br/>[[氯化镍]]
| OtherCations = [[硝酸钯]]
| OtherCpds = [[硝酸钴]]<br/>[[硝酸铜]]
  }}
}}

'''硝酸镍'''是镍的[[硝酸盐]]，化学式为Ni(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>，以六水合物Ni(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·6H<sub>2</sub>O最为常见。

== 性质 ==

硝酸镍是一种绿色[[单斜]]结晶，有吸潮性，在潮湿空气中迅速[[潮解]]，在干燥空气中稍微[[风化]]。易溶于水、[[氨水]]、[[液氨]]、[[乙醇]]，微溶于[[丙酮]]，水溶液呈酸性。受热时失去4个结晶水，温度高于110°C时分解为[[碱式盐]]，继续加热则分解为棕黑色[[三氧化二镍]]和绿色[[氧化亚镍]]的混合物。有毒，有致癌性。与有机物接触可引起燃烧和爆炸。<ref name="zghg">中国化工产品大全 上卷，Bc220 硝酸镍，页208</ref>

== 制备 ==

1、由[[镍]]板与[[浓硝酸]]发生反应，再经稀释、调节酸度、静置、过滤、滤液酸化、减压蒸发浓缩、冷却结晶、离心分离得到成品。<ref name="zghg" />

: <math>\rm \ 3Ni+8HNO_3\rightarrow 3Ni(NO_3)_2+4H_2O+2NO\uparrow</math>

2、由含镍工业废料酸溶、精制，沉淀出[[氢氧化镍]]，再用稀硝酸溶解得到。<ref name="zghg" />

== 用途 ==

用于电镀镍铬合金制件，使制件镀层细致，也用于制造蓄电池和彩釉着色，以及用于制造其他镍盐和镍催化剂。<ref name="zghg" />

== 参考资料 ==
{{reflist}}

{{镍化合物}}
{{硝酸盐}}

[[Category:二价镍化合物]]
[[Category:硝酸盐]]
[[Category:易制爆化学品]]