查看“︁硝酸钚(IV)”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| Name = 硝酸钚(IV)
| ImageFile = Plutonium(IV) nitrate.png
| ImageSize = 
| IUPACName = 
| OtherNames = 四硝酸钚
| NameEn = Plutonium(IV) nitrate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 13823-27-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1 = 53745-09-8
| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo1_Comment = <sup>238</sup>Pu
| CASNo2 = 13968-56-4 
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo2_Comment = <sup>239</sup>Pu
| CASNo3 = 55252-44-3
| CASNo3_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo3_Comment = 水合
| CASNo4 = 159472-02-3
| CASNo4_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo4_Comment = 三水
| CASNo5 = 61204-24-8
| CASNo5_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo5_Comment = 五水
| ChemSpiderID = 
| DTXSID = 
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}}
| UNII = 
| EINECS = 
| PubChem = 150308
| SMILES = [N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[N+](=O)([O-])[O-].[Pu+4]
| StdInChI = InChI=1S/4NO3.Pu/c4*2-1(3)4;/q4*-1;+4
| StdInChIKey = XOQIPTFXWRJKPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 492.028（无水）<br />582.108（五水）
| Appearance = 绿色晶体（五水）<ref name=Ahrland>{{cite book | last=Ahrland | first=S. | last2=Bagnall | first2=K.W. | last3=Brown | first3=D. | title=The Chemistry of the Actinides: Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry | publisher=Elsevier Science | year=2016 | isbn=978-1-4831-5934-8 | url=https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=awRPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 | access-date=2021-08-18 | page=292 | language=en | archive-date=2021-08-18 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818074447/https://books.google.com.hk/books?id=awRPDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA292 | dead-url=no }}</ref>
| Density = 2.90 g·cm<sup>−3</sup>（五水）<ref name=Staritzky />
| MeltingPt = 
| BoilingPt = 
| Solubility = 可溶
 }}
|Section6={{Chembox Related
| OtherCations = [[硝酸镎(IV)]]
| OtherAnions = [[硫酸钚(IV)]]

| OtherCpds = [[硝酸钚(VI)酰]]
}}
}}
'''硝酸钚(IV)'''是一种具有强[[放射性]]的[[无机化合物]]，[[化学式]]为Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>，可以形成水合物，<ref name=Ahrland />其外观为深绿色晶体。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Allen |first1=P. G. |last2=Veirs |first2=D. K. |last3=Conradson |first3=S. D. |last4=Smith |first4=C. A. |last5=Marsh |first5=S. F. |title=Characterization of Aqueous Plutonium(IV) Nitrate Complexes by Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy |journal=[[Inorganic Chemistry (journal)|Inorganic Chemistry]] |date=1996-01 |volume=35 |issue=10 |pages=2841–2845 |doi=10.1021/ic9511231 |access-date=2021-08-16 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic9511231 |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127005454/https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic9511231 |dead-url=no }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kubic |first1=William |last2=Jackson |first2=J. |title=A thermodynamic model of plutonium (IV) nitrate solutions |journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry |date=2012-03-09 |volume=293 |issue=2 |pages=601–612 |doi=10.1007/s10967-012-1703-4 |s2cid=94704456 |url=https://akjournals.com/view/journals/10967/293/2/article-p601.xml |access-date=2021-08-16 |issn=1588-2780 |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127040456/https://akjournals.com/view/journals/10967/293/2/article-p601.xml |dead-url=no }}</ref>

==制备==
硝酸钚(IV)可由[[二氧化钚]]溶于[[硝酸]]得到，<ref>{{cite journal | last=George | first=Kathryn | last2=Muller | first2=Julie | last3=Berthon | first3=Laurence | last4=Berthon | first4=Claude | last5=Guillaumont | first5=Dominique | last6=Vitorica-Yrezabal | first6=Iñigo J. | last7=Stafford | first7=H. Victoria | last8=Natrajan | first8=Louise S. | last9=Tamain | first9=Christelle | title=Exploring the Coordination of Plutonium and Mixed Plutonyl–Uranyl Complexes of Imidodiphosphinates | journal=Inorganic Chemistry | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=58 | issue=10 | date=2019-04-26 | issn=0020-1669 | doi=10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00346 | pages=6904–6917 | language=en}}</ref>从其溶液中可以结晶出[[正交晶系]]的五水合物（Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O）。<ref name=Staritzky>{{cite journal | last=Staritzky | first=Eugene. | title=Crustallographic Data. 142. Plutonium Tetranitrate Pentahydrate, Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O | journal=Analytical Chemistry | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=28 | issue=12 | date=1956-12-01 | issn=0003-2700 | doi=10.1021/ac60120a063 | pages=2021–2022 | language=en}}</ref>
==性质==
硝酸钚(IV)可溶于水和一部分有机溶剂<ref name=Ahrland />，其水溶液可被[[磷酸三丁酯]]萃取。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Healy | first=T. V. | last2=McKay | first2=H. A. C. | title=The extraction of nitrates by tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP). Part 2.—The nature of the TBP phase | journal=Trans. Faraday Soc. | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) | volume=52 | issue=0 | year=1956 | issn=0014-7672 | doi=10.1039/tf9565200633 | pages=633–642 | language=en}}</ref>它也能溶于熔融的[[硝酸铀酰]]六水合物，若在体系中加入1~6 M [[硝酸|HNO<sub>3</sub>]]，它会歧化为Pu(III)和Pu(VI)，若提高HNO<sub>3</sub>浓度至10 M以上，则只会生成配阴离子[Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Kulyako | first=Yu. M. | last2=Trofimov | first2=T. I. | last3=Samsonov | first3=M. D. | last4=Shadrin | first4=A. Yu. | last5=Myasoedov | first5=B. F. | title=Solubility of plutonium nitrate in uranyl nitrate hexahydrate melt | journal=Radiochemistry | publisher=Pleiades Publishing Ltd | volume=50 | issue=3 | year=2008 | issn=1066-3622 | doi=10.1134/s1066362208030053 | pages=250–252 | language=en}}</ref>它在1.5~7.1 M的[[硝酸]]溶液中，可以Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>n</sub><sup>(4−n)+</sup>（n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5）的形式存在，7.1 M以上时，以[Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>2−</sup>的形式存在，<ref>{{cite journal|title=Spectrophotometric investigation of the formation of complexes of quadrivalent Pu in nitrate solutions|language=ru|authors=Lipis, L. V.; Pozharskii, B. G.; Fomin, V. V.||journal=Zhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii|issn=0136-7463|year=1960|issue=2|page=135-144}}</ref>超过11 M时，以H<sub>2</sub>[Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>6</sub>]的形式存在。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Brothers | first=J.A. | last2=Hart | first2=R.G. | last3=Mathers | first3=W.G. | title=The nitrate complexes of tetravalent plutonium | journal=Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry | publisher=Elsevier BV | volume=7 | issue=1-2 | year=1958 | issn=0022-1902 | doi=10.1016/0022-1902(58)80031-7 | pages=85–93 | language=en}}</ref>在碱性溶液中，它以PuO<sub>2</sub>·xH<sub>2</sub>O的形式沉淀出来。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Delegard | first=C. H. | title=Effects of aging on PuO<sub>2</sub>·xH<sub>2</sub>O particle size in alkaline solution | journal=Radiochimica Acta | publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH | volume=101 | issue=5 | date=2013-04-29 | issn=2193-3405 | doi=10.1524/ract.2013.2034 | pages=313–322 | language=en}}</ref>

它可以被氨基胍硫酸盐或[[抗坏血酸]]还原为Pu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Burney | first=G. A. | last2=Tober | first2=F. W. | title=Precipitation of Plutonium Trifluoride | journal=Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=4 | issue=1 | year=1965 | issn=0196-4305 | doi=10.1021/i260013a009 | pages=28–32|language=en}}</ref>向其溶液通入[[臭氧]]，它可以经PuO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>氧化至[[硝酸钚(VI)酰|PuO<sub>2</sub><sup>2+</sup>]]。<ref>{{cite journal | last=Conroy | first=Nathan A. | last2=Wylie | first2=E. Miller | last3=Powell | first3=Brian A. | title=A Novel Method for Tracer Concentration Plutonium(V) Solution Preparation | journal=Analytical Chemistry | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=88 | issue=8 | date=2016-03-28 | issn=0003-2700 | doi=10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00229 | pages=4196–4199 | language = en}}</ref>
:<math>\mathsf{ Pu(NO_3)_4 + O_3 + H_2O \ \xrightarrow{}\ PuO_2(NO_3)_2 + 2 HNO_3 + O_2\uparrow }</math>

{{clear}}
==参考文献==
{{reflist|2}}

==拓展阅读==
<small>
* {{cite journal | last=Balasubramonian | first=S. | last2=Pandey | first2=N. K. | last3=Subba Rao | first3=R. V. | title=Thermodynamic modeling of Pu(IV) and nitric acid extraction by 1.1 M tri-iso-amyl phosphate in n-dodecane | journal=Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=326 | issue=1 | date=2020-08-12 | issn=0236-5731 | doi=10.1007/s10967-020-07338-8 | pages=105–113|language=en}}
* {{cite journal | last=Kaplan | first=Daniel I. | last2=Demirkanli | first2=Deniz I. | last3=Gumapas | first3=Leo | last4=Powell | first4=Brian A. | last5=Fjeld | first5=Robert A. | last6=Molz | first6=Fred J. | last7=Serkiz | first7=Steven M. | title=Eleven-Year Field Study of Pu Migration from Pu III, IV, and VI Sources | journal=Environmental Science & Technology | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=40 | issue=2 | date=2005-12-06 | issn=0013-936X | doi=10.1021/es050073o | pages=443–448 | language=en}}
</small>

{{钚化合物}}
{{硝酸盐}}
[[category:硝酸盐]]
[[category:钚化合物]]