查看“︁硝酸銫”︁的源代码

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 396306286
| Reference = <ref name="CRC1">{{RubberBible62nd|page=B-92}}.</ref>
|   Name = 硝酸铯
|   ImageFile = Cesium nitrate.JPG
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   InChI = 1/Cs.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1
|   SMILES = [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O
|   InChIKey = NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYAE
|   StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|   StdInChI = 1S/Cs.NO3/c;2-1(3)4/q+1;-1
|   StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
|   StdInChIKey = NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|   CASNo = 7789-18-6
|   CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   EC-number = 232-146-8
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
|   ChemSpiderID = 56425
|   UNNumber = 1451
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = CsNO<sub>3</sub>
|   MolarMass = 194.91 g/mol
|   Appearance = 白色固体
|   Solubility = 9.16 g/100 ml (0 ºC)<br/>196.8 g/100 ml (100 ºC)<ref name="sl">[http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9923360 MSDS (ScienceLab)]</ref>
|   Solubility1 = 可溶
|    Solvent1 = 丙酮
|   Solubility2 = 微溶
|    Solvent2 = 乙醇
|   Density = 3.685 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name="cabot">[http://www.cabot-corp.com/wcm/download/de-de/CE/CESNITDRY-EUR-DE.pdf Cäsiumnitrat MSDS (Cabot)]</ref>
|   MeltingPt = 414 ºC
|   BoilingPt = 分解
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   Reference =<ref name="Sigma">{{Sigma-Aldrich|ALDRICH|203041|Datum=15. März 2011}}</ref>
|   EUIndex = 未列出
|   GHSPictograms = {{Chembox GHSPictograms|03|07}}
|   GHSSignalWord = '''警告'''
|   HPhrases = {{H-phrases|272}}
|   PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|220|221|280|370+378|501}}
|   FlashPt = 無數據
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[硝酸鋰]]<br/>[[硝酸鈉]]<br/>[[硝酸鉀]]<br/>[[硝酸銣]]
|   OtherCations = [[硫酸銫]]<br/>[[氯酸銫]]
  }}
}}
'''硝酸銫'''(英文:'''Caesium nitrate''')是一種[[無機化合物]]，屬於[[硝酸鹽]]，其化學式為CsNO<sub>3</sub>，由[[氮]]、[[銫]]、[[氧]]組成，其中[[氮]]和[[氧]]是由[[共價鍵]]組成[[硝酸根離子]]，[[硝酸根離子]]和[[銫離子]]間由[[離子鍵]]結合，為一種[[鹽類]]。硝酸銫外觀為白色的結晶體，可溶於水。這是用在煙火成分，作為著色劑和氧化劑，例如：在誘餌彈和照明彈。

==制備==
可利用[[碳酸銫]]和[[硝酸]]反應制得<ref>[http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Caesium Caesium (Classic encyclopedia)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130123025202/http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Caesium |date=2013-01-23 }}</ref>

==性質==
和其他[[鹼金屬]][[硝酸鹽]]一樣，受熱時分解，形成[[亞硝酸銫]]:
:<math>\mathrm{2 \ CsNO_3 \rightarrow 2 \ CsNO_2 + O_2}</math>

硝酸銫還有兩種不同的特殊的硝酸鹽結構:CsNO<sub>3</sub>·HNO<sub>3</sub> 和 CsNO<sub>3</sub>·2HNO<sub>3</sub> （[[熔融]][[溫度]][[100]]&nbsp;[[攝氏溫標|°C]] 和 [[36]][[到|–]][[38]]&nbsp;°C）<ref name="CRC">Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (62nd ed.), Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, p. B-92, ISBN 0-8493-0462-8 </ref><ref name="CRC1"/>

硝酸銫的晶體結構為[[六方晶系]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/19276255/Physical-Constants-of-Inorganic-Compounds |title=Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds |accessdate=2011-08-07 |archive-date=2013-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901160428/http://www.scribd.com/doc/19276255/Physical-Constants-of-Inorganic-Compounds |dead-url=no }}</ref>

== 用途 ==
硝酸銫的[[棱鏡]]用於[[紅外光譜]]、[[X射線熒光粉]]，在[[閃爍計數器]]<ref>{{Merck13th|page=345}}.</ref>它也可用於製作[[光學鏡片]]。

硝酸銫也被廣泛應用於[[軍事]][[煙火]]<ref>E.-C. Koch: '' Special Materials in Pyrotechnics, Part II: Application of Caesium and Rubidium Compounds in Pyrotechnics.'' In: ''J. Pyrotech.'', 2002, 15, S.&nbsp;9–24 ([http://www.jpyro.com/wp/?p=179 Abstract] {{Wayback|url=http://www.jpyro.com/wp/?p=179 |date=20110713122322 }}).</ref>，在近紅外照明彈<ref name=lohkamp>C. W. Lohkamp: USP 3 733 223, The United States as represented by the Secretary of the Navy, USA, (1973)</ref>和[[煙霧]]製造<ref name=weber>M. Weber DE 32 38 444, Pyrotechnische Fabrik F. Feistel GmbH & Co. KG, Göllheim, Germany, (1982)</ref>。在煙火效果活性成分的火焰由銫離子作為凝結核，從而增強吸收[[放射性]]是很重要的氣霧劑。<ref name="Sigma" />

==參考文獻==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20110711022904/http://www.frankmckinnon.com/cesium_compounds.htm Cesium Compounds:  Nuclear Power Plant Emissions]
*[http://www.ermanz.govt.nz/Chemicals/ChemicalDisplay.aspx?SubstanceID=13721 HSNO Chemical Classification Information Database]{{dead link|date=2018年1月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{reflist}}

{{銫化合物}}
{{硝酸盐}}

[[Category:铯化合物]]
[[Category:硝酸盐]]
[[Category:烟火氧化剂]]
[[Category:烟火着色剂]]
[[Category:氧化剂]]
[[Category:易制爆化学品]]