查看“︁硅酸钾”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Name = 硅酸钾
| NameEn = Potassium silicate
| ImageFile = Sodium-metasilicate-chain-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
| IUPACName = Potassium metasilicate
| OtherNames = 钾水玻璃
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 1312-76-1
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
|   EINECS  =  
|   RTECS  = 
|  PubChem  =  66200
|  ChemSpiderID  =  59585
|  ChemSpiderID_Ref  = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}|  SMILES  =  [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O
|  StdInChI_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChI  =  1S/2K.O3Si/c;;1-4(2)3/q2*+1;-2
|  InChI  =  1/2K.O3Si/c;;1-4(2)3/q2*+1;-2
|  StdInChIKey_Ref  = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}|  StdInChIKey  =  NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|  InChIKey  =  NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYAP
}}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|  Formula = K<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>
|  MolarMass = 154.28
|  Appearance = 
|  Density = 
|  Solubility = 可溶于水
|  MeltingPt =
  }}
| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry
|  DeltaHf = 
|  Entropy =
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|  ExternalMSDS = 
|  EUIndex = 
|  EUClass = {{Hazchem C}} {{Hazchem Xi}}
|  RPhrases = {{R34}}-{{R37}}
|  SPhrases = {{S1/2}}-{{S13}}-{{S24/25}}-{{S36/37/39}}-{{S45}}
|  NFPA-H = 1
|  NFPA-F = 0
|  NFPA-R = 0
|  NFPA-O =
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|  OtherAnions = [[碳酸钾]]<br />[[锗酸钾]]<br />[[锡酸钾]]<br /> [[铅酸钾]]
|  OtherCations = [[硅酸钠]]
  }}
}}

'''硅酸钾'''，化学式K<sub>2</sub>O·''n''SiO<sub>2</sub>，一般作K<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>（n = 1）。

==性质==
稳定状态时为透明质粘稠状液体，呈蓝绿色<ref>{{cite book | language = en | author = Thomas Edward Thorpe | coauthors =  | title = A dictionary of applied chemistry | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5nnPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA363&dq=Potassium+silicate&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Potassium%20silicate&f=false | date = 1913年 | location =  | publisher = Longmans, Green and co. | id = Volume 4 | isbn =  | pages = 第363页 }}</ref>。易溶于水和酸，并析出胶状[[硅酸]]，钾含量越高则越易溶。不溶于[[醇]]。

==制备==
一定比例的[[硅砂]]和[[氢氧化钾]]在熔融炉中于1200～1400°C反应，当形成完全熔融透明体时，放出冷却固化，然后再放入高压釜中通入加压蒸气溶解。溶液静置澄清、除去杂质后，澄清液经浓缩即得硅酸钾成品<ref>{{cite journal | language = en | author = Chemical Society | title = Inorganic Chemistry | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=b54wAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA44&dq=Potassium+silicate+1200%C2%B0+1400&cd=10#v=onepage&q=Potassium%20silicate%201200%C2%B0%201400&f=false | journal = Chemical Society | volume = 66 | issue = Part 2 | pages = 44页 | year = 1894 | id =  }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | language = en | author = Thomas Edward Thorpe | coauthors =  | title = A dictionary of applied chemistry | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=5nnPAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA363&dq=Potassium+silicate&lr=&cd=1#v=onepage&q=Potassium%20silicate&f=false | date = 1913年 | location =  | publisher = Longmans, Green and co. | id = Volume 4 | isbn =  | pages = 第364页 }}</ref>。
:<math>\rm \ K_2CO_3+\mathit{n} SiO_2\rightarrow K_2O\cdot \mathit{n} SiO_2+CO_2\uparrow</math>

==用途==
硅酸钾通常用于制造电焊条、焊接用电极、还原染料、防火剂。也用作荧光屏涂料层<ref>{{cite book | language = zh-hans | author = 江苏省地方志编纂委员会 | coauthors =  | title = 江苏省志: 化学工业志 | url =  | date = 1999年 | location =  | publisher = 方志出版社 | id =  | isbn =  | pages = 128页 }}</ref>和肥皂填料<ref>{{cite journal en |author=Elmore AR |title=Final report on the safety assessment of potassium silicate, sodium metasilicate, and sodium silicate |journal=Int. J. Toxicol. |volume=24 |issue=Suppl 1 |pages=103–17 |year=2005 |pmid=15981734 |doi= |url=http://ijt.sagepub.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15981734 }}{{dead link|date=2018年4月 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>。

==参见==
*[[硅酸钠]]

==参考资料==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:钾化合物]]
[[Category:硅酸盐]]
[[Category:缺少物质图片的化学品条目]]

{{鉀化合物}}{{矽化合物}}