查看“︁疊氮化鉀”︁的源代码

{{chembox
 | verifiedrevid = 366782464
 | ImageFileL1 =K+.svg
 | ImageSizeL1 = 32px
 | ImageFileR1 =Azid-Ion.svg
 | ImageSizeR1 = 140px
 | IUPACName = Potassium azide
 | OtherNames = 
 | Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
 | CASNo = 20762-60-1
 | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
 | PubChem  =  10290740
 | SMILES  = [N-]=[N+]=[N-].[K+]
 | InChI  =  InChI=1S/K.N3/c;1-3-2/q+1;-1
 | InChIKey  =  TZLVRPLSVNESQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}} | Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
 | Formula = KN<sub>3</sub>
 | MolarMass = 81.1184
 | Appearance = 無色結晶<ref name="perry_phillips"/>
 | Density = 2.04 [[公克|g]]/[[公分|cm]]<sup>[[立方公分|3]]</sup> <ref name="perry_phillips"/>
 | MeltingPt = [[350]]&nbsp;[[攝氏溫標|°C]] (在[[真空]])<ref name="perry_phillips">{{cite book
   | title = Handbook of inorganic compounds
   | url = https://archive.org/details/handbookofinorga0000unse
   | author1 = Dale L. Perry | author2 = Sidney L. Phillips
   | publisher = CRC Press | year = 1995 | page = [https://archive.org/details/handbookofinorga0000unse/page/301 301]
   | isbn = 0849386713
   }}</ref>
 | BoilingPt = 分解
 | Solubility = 50.8 [[公克|g]]/[[100]][[公克|g]]<ref name="perry_phillips"/>
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
|CrystalStruct=四方晶系<ref name=":0">{{cite book | last=Addison | first=C. C. | title=Inorganic Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements. | url=https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist00addi_621 | publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry | date=1974 | isbn=0-85186-762-6 | oclc=843641423 |page=[https://archive.org/details/inorganicchemist00addi_621/page/n69 54]}}</ref>
|SpaceGroup=I4/mcm (No. 140)<ref name=":0"/>
|LattConst_a=6.1129&nbsp;Å
|LattConst_c=7.0943&nbsp;Å<ref>{{cite journal | last=Müller | first=Ulrich | title=Verfeinerung der Kristallstrukturen von KN3, RbN3, CsN3 und TIN3 | journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie | publisher=Wiley | volume=392 | issue=2 | year=1972 | issn=0044-2313 | doi=10.1002/zaac.19723920207 | pages=159–166 | language=de}}</ref>
}}
 | Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
 | MainHazards = 有毒，加热时易爆炸
 | NFPA-H = 3  | NFPA-F = 3  | NFPA-R = 3  | NFPA-O = 
 | FlashPt =
 | Autoignition =
 }}
 | Section8 = {{Chembox Related
 | OtherAnions = 
 | OtherCations = [[叠氮化鋰]]、[[叠氮化鈉]]、[[叠氮化銣]]、[[叠氮化銫]], [[疊氮化鉛]]
 | OtherFunctn = 
 | Function = 
 | OtherCpds = 
 }}
}}
'''疊氮化鉀'''是一種[[無機化合物]]，由[[鉀]]和[[氮]]構成，屬於[[疊氮酸]][[盐 (化学)|鹽]]。

== 制备 ==
叠氮化钾可以由[[叠氮酸]]和[[氢氧化钾]]<ref name="Inorganic Syntheses, Inc.">{{cite book | last=Booth | first=Harold Simmons | title=Inorganic syntheses. Volume 1 | publication-place=New York | date=1939 | isbn=978-0-470-13264-7 | oclc=86223179 |page=79}}</ref>或[[碳酸钾]]<ref>{{cite book | author=hrsg. von Georg Brauer. Unter Mitarb. von M. Baudler | title=Handbuch der präparativen anorganischen Chemie / 1. | publisher=Enke | publication-place=Stuttgart | date=1975 | isbn=3-432-02328-6 | oclc=310719485 | language=de |page=458}}</ref>反应而成：
:<chem>HN3 + KOH -> KN3 + H2O</chem>
:<chem>K2CO3 + 2HN3 -> 2KN3 + CO2 ^ + H2O</chem>

== 性質 ==
=== 物理性質 ===
[[File:Lithium-azide-unit-cell-3D-balls.png|thumb|left|[[疊氮化鋰]]的晶格<ref>{{ cite journal
| journal = Acta Cryst. | volume = B'''24''' | issue = 2 | pages = 262–269
| doi = 10.1107/S0567740868002062
| title = The crystal structures of lithium, sodium and strontium azides
| first1 = G. E. | last1= Pringle |  first2 = D. E. | last2 = Noakes
|date=February 1968}}</ref>。疊氮化鉀和[[疊氮化鋰]]一樣是四方晶系<ref name="Khilji Sherman Wilkinson 1982 pp. 300–303">{{cite journal | last=Khilji | first=M. Y. | last2=Sherman | first2=W. F. | last3=Wilkinson | first3=G. R. | title=Variable temperature and pressure Raman spectra of potassium azide KN3 | url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-raman-spectroscopy_1982-06_12_3/page/300 | journal=Journal of Raman Spectroscopy | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | volume=12 | issue=3 | year=1982 | issn=0377-0486 | doi=10.1002/jrs.1250120319 | pages=300–303}}</ref>
。]]
和[[疊氮化鋰]]、[[疊氮化鈉]]類似，叠氮化钾是四方晶系的晶体。<ref name="Khilji Sherman Wilkinson 1982 pp. 300–303"/>

在高压下，叠氮化钾会改变晶体结构，形成含有N{{su|b=6|p=2−}} 六元环的物种。这种结构由叠氮化钾在45&nbsp;GPa下加热而成，在20&nbsp;GPa下稳定。<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Yu |last2=Bykov |first2=Maxim |last3=Chepkasov |first3=Ilya |last4=Samtsevich |first4=Artem |last5=Bykova |first5=Elena |last6=Zhang |first6=Xiao |last7=Jiang |first7=Shu-qing |last8=Greenberg |first8=Eran |last9=Chariton |first9=Stella |last10=Prakapenka |first10=Vitali B. |last11=Oganov |first11=Artem R. |last12=Goncharov |first12=Alexander F. |title=Stabilization of hexazine rings in potassium polynitride at high pressure |journal=Nature Chemistry |date=21 April 2022 |doi=10.1038/s41557-022-00925-0|pmid=35449217 |arxiv=2010.15995 |s2cid=226222305 }}</ref>

=== 化學性質 ===
在加熱或[[紫外線]]照射時，它會分解成[[氮氣]]和[[金屬]][[鉀]]。<ref>{{cite journal
| author1 = Tompkins, F. C. | author2 = Young, D. A.
| title = The Photochemical and Thermal Formation of Colour Centres in Potassium Azide Crystals
| journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society of London | series = Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences
| volume = 236 | issue = 1204 | pages = 10–23 | year = 1982
}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
| title = Handbook of inorganic chemicals | url = https://archive.org/details/Handbook_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_Patnaik | author = Pradyot Patnaik
| publisher = McGraw-Hill Professional | year = 2003 | isbn = 0070494398 | page = [https://archive.org/details/Handbook_of_Inorganic_Chemistry_Patnaik/page/n772 734]
}}</ref>

不同於重金屬疊氮化物，它对机械衝擊并不不敏感，但遇熱可能會迅速爆炸。<ref>{{cite book | title = A comprehensive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical substances | url = https://archive.org/details/comprehensivegui00patn | author = Pradyot Patnaik | edition = 3rd | publisher = Wiley-Interscience | year = 2007 | isbn = 0471714585 | page = [https://archive.org/details/comprehensivegui00patn/page/n639 615] }}</ref>

== 用途 ==
'''疊氮化鉀'''可以當作[[硝化]][[抑製劑]]在[[土壤]]中使用。<ref>{{cite journal
| title = Potassium Azide as a Nitrification Inhibitor
| author1 = T. D. Hughes | author2 = L. F. Welch
| journal = Agronomy Journal | volume = 62 | pages = 595–599 | year = 1970
| publisher = American Society of Agronomy
}}</ref>它的热分解也可以用来生产纯的金属钾。<ref>{{Cite book|author=宮川誠之助|editor=化学大辞典編集委員会(編)|title=化学大辞典|volume=1|pages=60頁|edition=縮刷版第26版|publisher=共立|date=1981-10}}</ref>

==危害==
和其它[[叠氮化物]]一样，叠氮化钾是剧毒。它的叠氮根离子可以抑制[[细胞色素c氧化酶]]。<ref>{{cite | last=Jobelius | first=Horst H. | last2=Scharff | first2=Hans-Dieter | title=Hydrazoic Acid and Azides | publisher=Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA | publication-place=Weinheim, Germany | date=2000-06-15 | doi=10.1002/14356007.a13_193}}</ref>

== 參考文獻 ==
{{Reflist}}

{{鉀化合物}}
{{叠氮化合物}}

[[Category:叠氮化物]]
[[Category:鉀化合物]]