查看“︁異戊醇”︁的源代码

{{Chembox
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 443880607
| Name = 異戊醇
| NameEn = Isoamyl alcohol<br>Isopentyl alcohol
| ImageFile = Isoamyl alcohol.svg
| ImageFile1 =
| PIN = 3-Methylbutan-1-ol
| IUPACName = 3-甲基-1-丁醇<br>3-Methylbutan-1-ol
| Reference = <ref name="hand">
{{ cite book
| editor = Lide, David R.
| year = 1998
| title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
| edition = 87
| publication-place = Boca Raton, Florida
| publisher = CRC Press
| isbn = 0-8493-0487-3
| pages = 3-374, 5-42, 6-188, 8-102, 15-22
| url =
| accessdate =
}}</ref>
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 29000
| PubChem = 31260
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = C07328
| InChI = 1/C5H12O/c1-5(2)3-4-6/h5-6H,3-4H2,1-2H3
| InChIKey = PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYAW
| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
| DrugBank = DB02296
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 15837
| SMILES = OCCC(C)C
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 372396
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C5H12O/c1-5(2)3-4-6/h5-6H,3-4H2,1-2H3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 123-51-3
| RTECS =
 }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O
| MolarMass = 88.148
| Appearance = 無色液體
| Odor = 不愉快氣味<ref name=PGCH/>
| Density = 0.8104 g/cm<sup>3</sup>（20&nbsp;°C）
| MeltingPt = -117&nbsp;°C <ref>Straka, M.; van Genderen, A.; Růžička, K.; Růžička, V. Heat Capacities in the Solid and in the Liquid Phase of Isomeric Pentanols. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2007, 52, 794-802.</ref><ref name=PGCH/>（156 K）
| BoilingPtC = 131.1
| RefractIndex = 1.4502 <ref name="Yitzhak Marcus">{{Cite book | author = Yitzhak Marcus | title = The Properties of Solvents | editor = John Wiley & Sons Ltd | location = England | year = 1999 | volume = 4 | isbn = 0-471-98369-1 }}</ref>
| RefractIndex_t = 25
| Viscosity = 3.692 mPa·s
| Solubility = 28 g/L
| SolubleOther = 易溶於[[丙酮]]、[[乙醚]]、[[乙醇]]
| VaporPressure = 28 mmHg（20°C）<ref name=PGCH/>
| MagSus = -68.96·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
 }}
|Section3={{Chembox Structure
| Dipole = 1.82D<ref name="Yitzhak Marcus"/>
 }}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| DeltaHf = -356.4 kJ·mol<sup>−1</sup>
| DeltaHc =
| Entropy =
| HeatCapacity = 2.382 J·g<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>
 }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| FlashPt = 43&nbsp;°C
| ExploLimits = 1.2 – 9%
| Autoignition = 350&nbsp;°C
| EUClass =
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 2
| NFPA-R = 0
| NFPA-S =
| RPhrases =
| SPhrases =
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS flame}} {{GHS exclamation mark}}
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|226}}-{{H-phrases|332}}-{{H-phrases|335}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261}}
| PEL = TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0348}}</ref>
| IDLH = 500 ppm<ref name=PGCH/>
| REL = TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) ST 125 ppm (450 mg/m<sup>3</sup>)<ref name=PGCH/>
| LD50 = 3438 mg/kg（兔子，口服）<br/>1300 mg/kg（大鼠，口服）<ref>{{Cite web |url = https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/123513.html |title = Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH) |author = [[美國國家職業安全衛生研究所|National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health]] (NIOSH) |accessdate = 2018-05-04 |archive-date = 2017-12-05 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171205093204/https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/123513.html |dead-url = no }}</ref>
 }}
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label =
| OtherFunction =
| OtherCompounds =
 }}
}}

'''異戊醇'''（英語：'''isoamyl alcohol'''）是一種清澈無色的液體，分子式為(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH。它是八種[[戊醇]]的醇類[[同分異構]]物中的一種。它是生產[[乙酸异戊酯|香蕉油]]的主要成分，香蕉油是一種自然界中發現的[[酯]]，也是工業中的香料。

== 製備 ==
=== 從雜醇油中提取 ===
通過[[雜醇油]]的[[分餾]]可以製得異戊醇。雜醇油的主要成分為[[戊醇]]、[[丁醇]]等高級醇以及少量[[酯]]類與[[醛]]類，是[[酒精發酵]]的副產物。一般而言，從雜醇油精煉出的戊醇中含有約85%的異戊醇，但其比例容易隨發酵原料的不同而異。<ref name="preparation">{{Cite web |title=Methods Of Preparation |url=https://chemicalprojects.wordpress.com/projects/production-of-amyl-alcohol/methods-of-preparation/ |website=Chemical Engineering Projects |date=2013-12-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-02-20}}</ref>
=== 氫甲醯化反應 ===
另外一種方式是讓[[異丁烯]]在高壓（10-100atm）加熱（40-200°C）的環境下經由羰基鈷的催化，與[[氫氣]]以及[[一氧化碳]]反應產生異戊醛中間體，緊接著氫化便能得到異戊醇。這也就是化學工業上常用於製備醛類的[[氫甲醯化反應]]。<ref name="preparation" />
:[[File:Isobutylene.svg|40px]] + CO + H<sub>2</sub> <math>\rightarrow</math> [[File:Isoamyl alcohol.svg|100px]]

== 用途 ==
* [[香蕉油]]在工業上由[[乙酸]]與異戊醇經由[[酯化反應]]得到，其中香蕉油常被用來配製[[香精|食品香精]]。
: [[Image:Isoamyl acetate synthesis.png|450px]]
* 異戊醇是[[柯瓦克試劑]]（Kovac's reagent）的主要成分，能用於測試[[吲哚]]的存在。
* 異戊醇與[[氯仿]]的混合物常被作為[[消泡劑]]使用。<ref>{{cite web|last1=Zumbo|first1=P.|title=Phenol-chloroform Extraction|url=http://physiology.med.cornell.edu/faculty/mason/lab/zumbo/files/PHENOL-CHLOROFORM.pdf|publisher=WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE P. ZUMBO LABORATORY OF CHRISTOPHER E. MASON, PH.D|accessdate=2014-06-19|archive-date=2018-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181024151542/http://physiology.med.cornell.edu/faculty/mason/lab/zumbo/files/PHENOL-CHLOROFORM.pdf|dead-url=no}}</ref>
* 在酚－氯仿萃取法裡，將異戊醇加入氯仿中能抑制[[RNA酶]]活性，並避免[[RNA]]溶於長鏈多聚[[腺苷酸]]中。<ref>{{cite book |last1=Green |first1=Michael |last2=Sambrook |first2=Joseph |date= |title=Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual |url=http://www.molecularcloning.com/ |section=Purification of Nucleic Acids: Extraction with Phenol-Chloroform |publisher=Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press |isbn=1936113422 |access-date=2018-05-04 |archive-date=2018-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180505035000/http://www.molecularcloning.com/ |dead-url=no }}</ref>
* 異戊醇是[[黑松露]]香味的主要來源。
* [[虎頭蜂]]使用異戊醇作為[[費洛蒙]]來吸引同巢的虎頭蜂過來攻擊。<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wilson |first=Calum R. |last2=Davies |first2=Noel W. |last3=Corkrey |first3=Ross |last4=Wilson |first4=Annabel J. |last5=Mathews |first5=Alison M. |last6=Westmore |first6=Guy C. |editor-last=Rashed |editor-first=Arash |title=Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis determines association of individual potato foliage volatiles with onion thrips preference, cultivar and plant age |url=https://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0181831 |journal=PLOS ONE |language=en |date=2017-07-26 |volume=12 |issue=7 |page=e0181831 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0181831 |issn=1932-6203 |pmc=5528874 |pmid=28746359}}</ref>
* 異戊醇與亞硝酸鈉酯化形成的[[亞硝酸異戊酯]]能使血管擴張，用於治療[[心絞痛]]或[[冠狀動脈疾病]]。

== 參考資料 ==
{{reflist}}
{{醇}}

[[Category:伯醇]]
[[Category:醇類溶劑]]
[[Category:异戊基化合物]]